EU Directives Articles

This article outlines the labelling requirements for aerosols under the Aerosol Dispensers Directive (ADD), Directive 75/324/EEC (consolidated version as of August 2017). The ADD was originally adopted in 1975 and has been amended four times, with the latest amendment published in November 2016 (Directive 2016/2037/EU). In the UK, the ADD has been fully implemented by the Aerosol Dispensers ...

Oct. 8, 2017

By UL - The WERCS

Water management is critical in small islands such as the Azores (Portugal), and the present paper address changes that have occurred in the last decades through national constitutional arrangements and the adoption of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The WFD provided an opportunity to implement integrated river basin planning, whose main results are also discussed, surpassing early ...

Jul. 19, 2017

By IWA Publishing

On March 16, 2016, the European Commission (EC) issued its final report on the sustainable use of biocides. Article 18 of the European Union’s (EU) biocidal products regulation (BPR) directs the EC to issue a report on how the BPR ...

Mar. 23, 2016

By Bergeson & Campbell, P.C.

On October 6, 2015, the National Science and Technology Council, Science and Technology Policy Office published a notice of request for information (RFI) on "Clarifying Current Roles and Responsibilities Described in the Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology (CF) and Developing a Long-Term ...

Oct. 9, 2015

By Bergeson & Campbell, P.C.

Sep. 28, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This paper provides a framework for life cycle cost analysis of products at the design stage based on reliability and maintainability parameters. When dealing with reliability field data, proper selection of models for time-to-failure data is essential as it affects the expected number of failures. The conventional time-to-failure analysis techniques rely on the major assumption of independent ...

Oct. 16, 2014

By Inderscience Publishers

In this paper, an attempt is made to analyse the literature on business continuity, provide a systemic framework for business continuity in today’s e-business era, and identify further research directions. The paper primarily focuses on the ICT-dimension with regard to the role of information technologies in enhancing business continuity. A conceptual model based on systemic approach has been ...

Aug. 28, 2014

By Inderscience Publishers

Article 7 of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) promotes a prevention-led approach to European Drinking Water Directive (DWD) compliance for those parameters that derive from anthropogenic influences on raw water quality. However, the efficacy of pollution prevention interventions is currently uncertain and likely to be variable, which makes absolute compliance with the drinking water ...

Apr. 10, 2014

By IWA Publishing

Solvothermal synthesis, in which an agent such as an organic amine directs the synthesis of an inorganic material, is increasingly used in the preparation of main–group chalcogenides with unusual structural features. Solvothermally–prepared antimony (III) sulphides exhibit a particularly rich structural diversity, owing to the stereochemical effect of the lone pair of electrons associated with ...

Feb. 15, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) prescribes that all water bodies in Europe should achieve ‘good ecological status’ (GES). Maintaining a certain water flow is a pre-condition for the achievement of GES in areas of water scarcity. In such areas, reclaimed waste water is seen as a promising measure to keep river flow at a sufficient level. The contingent valuation method is applied here ...

Jan. 1, 2012

By IWA Publishing

The Water Framework Directive has introduced a new governance approach that offers implementing agencies in EU Member States policy discretion to implement ecological ambitions. The aim of this paper was to gain insight into the way regional actors use this discretion and into the rationale behind their behaviour. Our research revealed that in regional implementation processes in the Netherlands, ...

Jan. 1, 2012

By IWA Publishing

5.1 Menu Bar Display the commands you use to build your simulation. When you choose one of the menus, the program displays a pull-down list of available commands. The program window has a basic tool bar under the Menu bar. The tool bar provides quick access to commonly used commands in the program. You click ...

Nov. 29, 2011

By Canarina Environmental Software

In 2005, the Department of Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (Defra) proposed that the UKTAG Chemistry Task Team (CTT) should develop standards for certain Dangerous Substances Directive (DSD) List II substances as Annex VIII substances under the Water Framework Directive. These are substances for which EQSs are currently available, i.e. List II parameters as listed in the Dangerous Substances ...

Nov. 10, 2011

By WCA Environment Ltd.

Green drivers, such as reduced packaging (with consequently increased development of concentrated products) and climate change (with potentially decreased availability of water, reduced dilution of sewage plant effluents, etc.) pose a business risk to consumer products companies who manufacturer cleaning products that are likely to be disposed of to domestic sewers. Water Company responses to the ...

Nov. 10, 2011

By WCA Environment Ltd.

Public participation in the form of informing, consulting and actively involving all interested parties is required during the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). This paper discusses progress with implementation of the WFD in Denmark and the measures taken to conform to the requirements for public participation. The first aim of the paper is to establish whether enough is ...

Feb. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

The EC Water Framework Directive (WFD) sets ambitious quality targets for member state water bodies by 2015. The provisions are being transposed predominantly using a cost-effectiveness criterion, which raises questions about the relative balance of costs [of reaching good status (GS)] and corresponding (non-)market benefits or the economic efficiency of the legislation. This study provides an ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Water Framework Directive (WFD) statutory authorities and stakeholders in Ireland are now challenged with the issue of how the proposed programmes of measures in the newly required River Basin Management Plans – designed to protect and restore good ecology by reverting as closely as possible back to natural conditions – are to be implemented in a way that concurrently complies with other existing ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Since 2005, several cost benefit analyses have been performed for the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) in The Netherlands. These analyses had in common that they were meant to support the decision-making process by informing policy makers and making the trade-offs as transparent as possible. The analyses also anticipate questions from the Dutch Parliament. Nevertheless, each time the ...

Oct. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing

According to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) should be used for measuring the cost and the environmental effectiveness of a measure in water quality management. The purpose of this paper is to argue that, beyond the calculation of the cost efficiency of the measures, additional information related to the cost and the environmental characteristics is ...

Apr. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing

As a new member of the European Union, Hungary is obliged to adopt the Water Framewok Directive and develop river basin management plans at various levels. To prepare the planning process, a pilot project was conducted, with a focus on the Upper Tisza region, in which the involvement of a multidisciplinary expert group was combined with the participation of local stakeholders. Tools of public ...

Mar. 27, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers