detoxification (Health and Safety) Articles

Hydrodechlorination/Detoxification of PCDDs, PCDFs, and co-PCBs in Fly Ash by Using Calcium Polysulfide

Dioxins like polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCSDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are mainly emitted from waste incinerators (WIs) and have become an international research focus because of its serious concerns over the adverse health effects. The detoxification of PCCDs/Fs and PCBs is very difficult because of their stable chemical structure. A ...

Feb. 15, 2019

By Graus Chemicals, LLC

Special chemical-physical process treats Tata Steel`s wastewater

Tata Steel Europe manufactures several types of packaging steel. One of the types is Electrolytic Chromium Coated Steel (ECCS). Until recently, a chemical containing chromium-6 was used to manufacture ECCS. Annex XIV of the REACH prohibits the use of chromium-6 with effect from 21 September 2017. It remains possible to apply for an exemption, but only a temporary one. Tata Steel looks to offer ...

Nov. 10, 2017

By EnviroChemie GmbH

A novel three-stage bioreactor for the effective detoxification of sodium dodecyl sulphate from wastewater

Anionic surfactants like sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), due to its extensive disposal to water bodies cause detrimental effects to the ecosystem. Among the various attempts to reduce the after effects of these toxicants, microbial induced bioremediation serves as a promising strategy. The current study aimed to develop a three stage bioreactor to remediate anionic surfactants in wastewater ...

Jul. 3, 2017

By IWA Publishing

Detoxification of photo-catalytically treated 2-chlorophenol: optimization through response surface methodology

The present study was conducted to degrade and detoxify 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) under UV irradiation in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The treatment efficiency was evaluated on the basis of degradation and cytotoxicity reduction as well as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The process ...

Apr. 12, 2017

By IWA Publishing

Quantitative analysis of glutathione and cysteine S-conjugates of microcystin-LR in the liver, kidney and muscle of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Lake Taihu

Tissue distribution of microcystin (MC)-LR-GSH, MC-LR-Cys and MC-LR of omnivorous fish in Lake Taihu was investigated. MC-LR and MC-LR-Cys were detected in liver, kidney and muscle. The concentration of MC-LR in liver and kidney was 0.052 μg g−1 DW and 0.067 μg g−1 DW, respectively. MC-LR-Cys appeared to be an important metabolite with average contents of 1.104 μg g−1 DW and 0.724 μg g−1 DW ...

Dec. 8, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Antioxidant and detoxification responses of oysters Crassostrea hongkongensis in a multi‐metal contaminated estuary

The ‘colored’ oysters discovered in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) contained high levels of metals in their tissues, especially for Cu and Zn, indicating that this largest and densely urbanized estuary in Southern China suffered from serious metal pollution. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of multi‐metal pollution in the PRE on oyster antioxidant and detoxification systems. The ...

Apr. 12, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Mutagenicity, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity evaluation of biodegraded textile effluent by fungal ligninolytic enzymes

Colored effluents from the textile industry have led to severe environmental pollution, and this has emerged as a global issue. The feasibility of ligninolytic enzymes for the detoxification and degradation of textile wastewater was investigated. Ganoderma lucidum crude ligninolytic enzymes extract (MnP 717.7, LiP 576.3, and Laccase 323.2 IU/mL) was produced using solid-state culture using ...

Feb. 11, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Metals‐mediated climate susceptibility in a warming world: Larval and latent effects on a model amphibian

Though sophisticated models predict the effects of future temperatures on ectotherms, few also address how ubiquitous sublethal contaminants alter an organism's response to thermal stress. In ectotherms, higher metabolic rates from warming temperatures can beneficially speed metabolism and development. If compounded by chronic, sublethal pollution, additional resource demands for elimination ...

Dec. 17, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Stage susceptibility of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to selenomethionine and hypersaline developmental toxicity

Anthropogenic disturbance of seleniferous soils can lead to selenium contamination of waterways. Although selenium is an essential micronutrient, bioaccumulation and maternal transfer of proteinaceous selenomethionine (SeMet) can result in embryotoxicity. Furthermore, as the climate changes, the salinity of spawning grounds in water‐restrained estuaries is increasing. While a small increase in ...

Oct. 7, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Methylmercury biomagnification in an Arctic pelagic food web

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic element that enters the biosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources, and emitted gaseous Hg enters the Arctic from lower latitudes by long‐range transport. In aquatic systems, anoxic conditions favor the bacterial transformation of inorganic Hg to methylmercury (MeHg), which has a greater potential for bioaccumulation than inorganic Hg and is the most toxic form of ...

Aug. 14, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The role of melano‐macrophage aggregates in the storage of mercury and other metals: An example from yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus)

Melano‐macrophage aggregates, collections of specialized cells of the innate immune system of fish, are considered a general biomarker for contaminant toxicity. To elucidate further the relationship between macrophage aggregates and metals exposure, yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus), a long‐lived species, were sampled from the east and west coasts of Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. ...

Jul. 14, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Application of novel consortium TSR for treatment of industrial dye manufacturing effluent with concurrent removal of ADMI, COD, heavy metals and toxicity

The present study was aimed towards the effective bio-treatment of actual industrial effluent containing as high as 42,000 mg/L COD (chemical oxygen demand), >28,000 ADMI (American Dye Manufacturers Institute) color value and four heavy metals using indigenous developed bacterial consortium TSR. Mineral salt medium supplemented with as low as 0.02% (w/v) yeast extract and glucose ...

May 7, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Uptake routes and toxicokinetics of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus

Current bioavailability models, such as the free ion activity model and biotic ligand model, explicitly consider that metal exposure will be mainly to the dissolved metal in ionic form. With the rise of nanotechnology products and the increasing release of metal‐based nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment, such models may increasingly be applied to support risk assessment. However, it is not ...

Apr. 27, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dermal exposure of Eisenia andrei earthworms: Effects of heavy metals on metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase gene expressions in coelomocytes

Parameters like total number of coelomocytes, riboflavin content in coelomocytes, expression of genes implied in metal homeostasis and detoxification mechanisms can be used as biomarkers in order to assess the impact of metals on Annelids. Defense biomarkers (detoxification gene expressions and coelomocyte parameters) were investigated in the ecotoxicologically important species Eisenia andrei ...

Feb. 18, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effective detoxification of hexavalent chromium using sulfate-crosslinked chitosan

A sulfate-crosslinked chitosan (SCC) was prepared for effective detoxification of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from effluents. SCC was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray studies. The maximum adsorption of Cr(VI) was observed at pH 6.0 with adsorption capacity of 157 mg/g in accordance with the Langmuir ...

Dec. 19, 2014

By IWA Publishing

Acute toxicity of arsenic and oxidative stress responses in the embryonic development of the common South American toad Rhinella arenarum

Arsenic, a natural element of ecological relevance, is found in natural water sources throughout Argentina in concentrations between 0.01 and 15 mg/L. The autochthonous toad Rhinella arenarum was selected to study the acute toxicity of As and the biochemical responses elicited by the exposure to As in water during its embryonic development. The LC50 value averaged 24.3 mg/L As and remained ...

Dec. 18, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Degradation and changes in toxicity and biodegradability of tetracycline during ozone/ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) composed of O3, H2O2 and ultraviolet (UV) were applied to degrade tetracycline (TC). Degradation efficiency was evaluated in terms of changes in absorbance (ABS) and total organic carbon (TOC). The change in biotoxicity was monitored with Escherichia coli and Vibrio fischeri. The improvement in biodegradability during oxidation was demonstrated through 5-day ...

Oct. 20, 2014

By IWA Publishing

Photo-Fenton-like treatment of K-acid: assessment of treatability, toxicity and oxidation products

Photo-Fenton-like treatment of the commercially important naphthalene sulphonate K-acid (2-naphthylamine-3,6,8-trisulphonic acid) was investigated using UV-C, UV-A and visible light irradiation. Changes in toxicity patterns were followed by the Vibrio fischeri bioassay. Rapid and complete degradation of K-acid accompanied with nearly complete oxidation and mineralization rates ...

Sep. 29, 2014

By IWA Publishing

Mercury bioaccumulation in dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera): Examination of life stages and body regions

Dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) are an important component of both aquatic and terrestrial food webs and are vectors for methylmercury (MeHg) biomagnification. Variations in mercury content with life stage and body regions may affect the relative transfer of mercury to aquatic or terrestrial food webs; however, there has been little research on this subject. Also, little is known about ...

May 31, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Experimental and theoretical insights into photochemical transformation kinetics and mechanisms of aqueous propylparaben and risk assessment of its degradation products

The kinetics and mechanisms of ultraviolet photochemical transformation of propylparaben (PPB) were studied. Specific kinetics scavenging experiments coupled with quantum yield determinations were used to distinguish the roles of various reactive species induced by self‐sensitized and direct photolysis reactions, and the excited triplet state of PPB (3PPB*) was identified as the most important ...

May 3, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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