Fire Modeling Articles
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BREEZE is the market-leading air dispersion modeling software used by environmental professionals around the world
While most air dispersion modeling is conducted using meteorological data from recent past years and historical or projected emissions data, models can also be used with real-time or short-term forecast meteorological and emissions data to estimate impacts at the present time and in the near future. In order to develop these custom real-time air dispersion modeling and forecasting systems, ...
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Analysis of fire behaviour simulations over Spain with WRF-FIRE
Wildland fire spread and behaviour are complex phenomena owing to both the number of involved physico-chemical factors, and the non-linear relationship between variables. Spain is plagued by forest and brush fires every summer, when the extremely dry weather sets in along with high temperatures. The use of fire behaviour models requires the availability of high resolution environmental and fuel ...
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Modelling dispersion of smoke from wildfires in a Mediterranean area
We present a modelling system for the estimation of forest fire emissions ( prebolchem-fire ) and their inclusion in the atmospheric composition model BOLCHEM. Emission fluxes have been estimated following the methodology proposed by Seiler and Crutzen (1980) and using MODIS ‘burned area product’. Then they are modulated following the WRAP approach (WRAP, 2005). This approach is also used for ...
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Application of geographical information systems and FARSITE in fire spread modelling
Wildfires are a perennial problem in the Northwest of USA. Wallowa Whitman National Forest fires are quite frequent as a result forest completes between 10,000 and 15,000 acres of burning in a year. According to research, it was reported that the study area experienced fires from 1970 to 2006 with total burning of 149 fires and total burnt area of 7,583 hectares per year which observed to be ...
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A new feature of MFIRE: the moving fire simulation
MFIRE, a mine fire simulation program, is a very useful tool for fire prevention planning, fire control, and training in underground mines. However, all of its fire source models are stationary, which are incapable of simulating a moving fire such as a conveyor belt fire. In this paper, a moving fire source model which can be used to represent a conveyor belt fire is defined and incorporated into ...
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SARRIM: A tool to follow the rocket releases used by the CNES Environment and Safety Division on the European Spaceport of Kourou (French Guyana)
This paper presents the SARRIM Software, a multi-function atmospheric dispersion model dealing with the local and large scale impact assessment for propellant and hypergolic rocket releases, nominal or accidental launch, controlled propellant fires and booster test bench. It is an operational and fast running tool taking into account stratifications inside the PBL using the last on-site ...
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Estimation of postfire nutrient loss in the Florida everglades
Received for publication August 28, 2008. Postfire nutrient release into ecosystem via plant ash is critical to the understanding of fire impacts on the environment. Factors determining a postfire nutrient budget are prefire nutrient content in the combustible biomass, burn temperature, and the amount of combustible biomass. Our objective was to quantitatively describe the relationships between ...
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Forest fire essentials: a cellular automaton-wise, percolation-oriented model
The forest fire model is developed by use of the cellular automata algorithmic framework, as essentially a learning and training tool meant to illustrate in an interactive and lively manner the phenomenology of this kind of occurrence, and the variety of physical factors and variables that concur in a fire ignition, spread, and extinguishing, their interlacing, the influence of the environment ...
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Estimation of postfire nutrient loss in the Florida everglades
Postfire nutrient release into ecosystem via plant ash is critical to the understanding of fire impacts on the environment. Factors determining a postfire nutrient budget are prefire nutrient content in the combustible biomass, burn temperature, and the amount of combustible biomass. Our objective was to quantitatively describe the relationships between nutrient losses (or concentrations in ash) ...
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Flameproofing
The prospect of a major fire onboard a nuclear submarine is almost unthink- able (see inset). One approach to managing this potent hazard in multi-compartment spaces is to model the fire progression using computer codes based upon three dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Unfortunately, this can be time consuming and expensive, and is only as good as the model definition. Moreover, ...
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Transient Ceiling Jet Temperature and Velocity Profiles in the Presence of an Upper Layer: Comparison with Predictions by LAVENT and JET Computer Fire Models
Results of a scaled experimental study are compared with the predictions produced by the LAVENT and JET computer fire models. As in most large-scale fire testing, characterization of heat release rate (HRR) and accuracy of its measurement creates a lot of uncertainty for validation of these codes. Sensitivity of LAVENT results to the assumed radiative loss of 35% is examined by varying the total ...
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Transfer of Architectural Data from the IFC Building Product Model to a Fire Simulation Software Tool
A standardized, object-oriented building product model for buildings is introduced that can be used as a means of electronic exchange between various software tools. The ability to transfer architectural data between a commercially available computer-aided design (CAD) program and a widely available zone fire simulation tool illustrates the applicability of this model in fire engineering. This ...
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Prediction of Fire Growth for Compartments of Office Buildings as Part of a Fire Risk/Cost Assessment Model
This article presents a zone model for the prediction of fire growth in a commercial compartment of an office building as part of a fire risk and cost assessment software package. The model developed is a combination of a transient, two-zone submodel used for the pre-flashover fire state and a quasi-steady, single-zone submodel for the post-flashover state. In the two-zone submodel, the selected ...
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A Numerical Study of Firebrands Scattering in Urban Fire Based on CFD and Firebrands Aerodynamics Measurements
Firebrands are found to be an important factor in the spread of large urban fire. In this study, in order to predict the scattering of firebrands in an urban fire, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD), turbulent combustion model, radiation model, and firebrand scattering model are coupled and it is validated by a fire wind tunnel experiment. The density, terminal velocity, and Stokes diameters of ...
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Performance Comparison of Zone Models with Compartment Fire Tests
Prediction accuracy of zone models is attributed to the sophistication of the mathematical model, as well as the numerical methods applied in their implementation. Well-known zone models CFAST and OZone have gained world-wide acceptance among the fire engineering community in predicting enclosure fire dynamics. Despite these models serving similar purpose, the level of accuracy and applicability ...
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Gypsum Board in Fire — Modeling and Experimental Validation
The thermal behavior of a commercially widespread gypsum board (810 kg/m 3) under fire condition has been investigated. For this purpose two 12 mm thick gypsum boards are subjected to the standard fire ISO 834 and the temperature distribution within them is measured by means of thermocouples placed at different depths in the samples. The results hereof are used to validate a numerical model based ...
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Evaluation of CFD Modeling Methods for Fire-induced Airflow in a Room
Methods for exploiting the technique of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model fires and the associated fundamental processes of combustion and radiation are appraised by applying the CFD model JASMINE to simulate the fire-induced airflow in a room-sized compartment. For a systematic evaluation of these methods describing the fundamental processes and the associated mathematical formulation, ...
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Field Model Analysis and Experimental Assessment of Fire Severity and Smoke Movement in a Partitioned and a Non-partitioned Dwelling Unit
Inter-compartment smoke spread in a dwelling unit is greatly impeded by the presence of partition walls. For the same fire load and floor area, smoke movement and associated fire severity for a non-partitioned (NP) unit are different from those of a partitioned (PT) unit. To study the smoke movement and gas temperature evolution, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is carried out for a ...
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Influence of some meteorological parameters and forest fires on PM10 concentrations in a southwest zone of Mexico Valley
The relationship between PM10 concentrations and some meteorological parameters was analysed. Sampling was made from January (1998) to June (2001) in the campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) at the southwestern part of the Mexico Valley. Year 1998 had extensive forest fires. A linear multivariate model was constructed. The model's adequacy to extrapolate daily average ...
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Siting and Safe Operation of Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities
Regulations require facilities to use computer simulations to model potential fire and explosion hazards from accidental liquefied natural gas (LNG) releases. This has required the run of several separate computer models and manual transfer of data among the models, which is a time-consuming process prone to errors. The Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR 193) defines safety standards for LNG ...
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