As the complexity of advanced therapies continues to grow, more data is needed to establish a drug’s mode of action, efficacy, and long-term safety. It’s no wonder, then, that big data is fueling the drive for tomorrow’s therapies. However, most developers lack the in-house capabilities to produce it and/or the expertise to evaluate it. Charles River has created a complete ...
In an era when biochemical research goes down to a single cell or even a single molecule level, there is a constant demand for ever more precise equipment. Considering that an accurate administration of small amounts of liquid is an imperative in any contemporary biochemical laboratory, the past few decades saw a vivid evolution of syringe pumps, carefully constructed and adapted for targeted ...
Cell-based hypoxia studies are reliant on close control of O2 concentration in the surrounding environment. Exposure to ambient O2 (21%) concentrations for short or sustained periods of time can result In confounding results due to oxygen toxicity. Reduced Oz cell culture incubators and workstations are examples of adopted measures designed to reduce this oxygen toxicity and to promote ...
Changes in tissue transcriptomes and productivity of Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated during exposure of plants to two widely used engineered metal oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (nano‐titanium) and cerium dioxide (nano‐cerium). Microarray analyses confirmed that exposure to either nanoparticle altered the transcriptomes of rosette leaves and roots, with comparatively larger ...
The selection and prioritization of pharmaceuticals and of their transformation products for evaluating effects on the environment and human health is a challenging task. Both compound‐ (e.g. mixture composition, concentrations) and biological‐ (e.g. relevant endpoint, biological organizational level) oriented approaches applied for tackling these issues often resemble a Lernaean hydra by ...
Phthalates are compounds used in polymers to increase their flexibility and are now ubiquitous in the environment due to widespread use. As few studies have focused on the adverse effects of these chemicals in aquatic species, this study aimed to determine the effects of phthalate diesters in amphibians. Western clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) tadpoles were acutely exposed to water spiked ...
The carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] to living organisms through food chain raise the immediate need to assess the potential toxicological impacts of Cr(VI) on human health. Therefore, the concentration‐dependent responses of 12 Cr(VI)‐responsive genes selected from the high‐throughput Lycopersicon esculentum cDNA microarray were examined at ...
The lampricide 3‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐nitrophenol (TFM) is used to control sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in freshwater lakes. While TFM can have sublethal and lethal effects, little is known about gene expression changes with TFM exposure. Microarray analysis was used to determine differential gene expression over 4 hours of exposure in S. cerevisiae. Among the most significantly ...
The flame retardant, tris(1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), was previously shown to affect chicken embryo growth, gallbladder size, and lipid homeostasis. A microarray study however, revealed only modest transcriptional alterations in liver tissue of pipping embryos (day 20‐21), which was attributed to the rapid metabolism of TDCPP throughout incubation. To identify the most ...
The present study examined how transcriptomics tools can be included in a Triad‐based soil quality assessment to assess the toxicity of soils from river banks polluted by metals. To that end we measured chemical soil properties and used the standardized ISO guideline for ecotoxicological tests and a newly developed microarray for gene expression in the indicator soil arthropod, Folsomia ...
Sewage pollution remains the most significant source of human waterborne pathogens. This study describes the detection and characterization of human enteric viruses in community wastewaters using cell culture coupled with multiple target microarrays (with a total of 780 unique probes targeting 27 different groups of both DNA and RNA viruses) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Over a ...
Earthworms perform key functions for a healthy soil ecosystem, such as bioturbation. The soil ecosystem can be challenged by natural toxins such as isothiocyanates (ITC), produced by many commercial crops. Therefore, the effects of 2‐phenylethyl ITC were investigated on the earthworm Eisenia andrei using an ecotoxicogenomics approach. Exposure to 2‐Phenylethyl ITC reduced both survival and ...
The Patancheru area near Hyderabad in India is recognized as a key link in the global supply chain for many bulk drugs. A central treatment plant receives wastewater from approximately 90 different manufacturers, and the resulting complex effluent has contaminated surface, ground, and drinking water in the region. Ecotoxicological testing of the effluent has shown adverse effects for several ...
Metal ecotoxicity to soil organisms, for example, in enchytraeids (also known as potworms), has been addressed mainly by assessing effects on survival and reproduction, but very little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms of responses. The main purpose of the present study was to assess and compare the transcriptional responses of Enchytraeus albidus to an essential (Zn) and a ...
We discuss the fabrication of flexible implantable probes for recording neuronal activity in the rat brain. We fabricated such probes bearing 12 platinum electrodes, using polyimide as a substrate and SU–8 as an insulation layer. The fabrication process was simplified through the use of laser ablation to define the probe outline. The probes showed not only good mechanical flexibility but also the ...
Slow sand filters (SSF) are widely used to treat water for potable use. The process is dependent on the activities of complex microbial communities in the biofilm (schmutzdecke) layer. In this study, we generated a comprehensive view of three-domain microbiological complexity within a model SSF. DNA was analysed using a high-density microarray (PhyloChip) and rRNA library analysis. The Eukaryotic ...
The tree view visualisation provides basis for phylogenetic analysis as well as relationship between various elements in a set or collection. It also presents one of the most elegant representations of microarray data analysis results. The classical Eisen Tree View software is the most widely used software for visualisation of microarray gene expression data. Certain anomalies in the software ...
Differences in radio-sensitivity and tumour susceptibility in various strains of mice are well recognised. Among several commonly used inbred mouse strains, BALB/c has been consistently found to be sensitive to the development of various types of radiation-induced tumours. To elucidate the role of host genetic factors in radiation responses and to identify candidate susceptibility genes, we ...
Biological membranes constitute a source of inspiration for making supramolecular assemblies which can be used in the design of biomimetic sensors. At the same time, the concept of using biomolecules as an elementary structure to develop self-assembled entities has received considerable attention. More particularly, the ability of amphiphilic molecules like lipids, to spontaneously organise into ...
Nutrigenomics deals with studying of molecular relationships between nutrition and the response of genes. Also involves the characterisation of gene products and the physiological function and interactions of these products. Nutrigenomics focuses on the effect of nutrients on the genome, proteome, metabolome and explains the relationship between these specific nutrients and nutrient-regimes on ...