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CeTeau - Vibro Compaction/Replacement
Vibro Compaction is a technique that enables the rearrangement of soil particles into a denser configuration with vibration by the use of powerful downhole deep vibrating probes. Vibro Replacement (Stone Columns) uses the same principle as the Vibro Compaction (powerful vibroflots that generate vibration to rearrange soil particles), but in soils where VC is not possible due to higher fines content (higher than 10% and typically less than 40%). Hence, the densification is achieved by displacement of the soils radially by the vibrator, refilling the resulting space with granular material which results in the construction of stone columns at the treatment locations.
The Vibro Compaction technique is best suited for loose sand to coarse-grained soil with a silt/clay content of less than 10% (less efficient with a fines content between 10% and 15%). The technique applies to depths up to 45m (or more, depending on the crane capacity). The Vibro-Replacement (stone columns) is most suitable for sand with a fines content of more than 10% and usually less than 40% or for clays that require a certain degree of bearing or lateral reinforcement. The technique applies to depths up to 45m (or more, depending on the crane capacity).
- Nearly all reclamation projects.
- Buildings.
- Offshore and nearshore man-made islands.
- Pipelines.
- Road and rail embankments.
- Power plants.
- Infrastructure in general.
- Stone columns for embankments on soft soils that need to accelerate drainage, increase stability, and reduce settlement.
- Increases the allowable bearing capacity of the soil.
- Limits (minimizes) total and differential settlements.
- Mitigates the risk of liquefaction (to the design depth) in case of seismic events.
- Reduces the size of foundation due to the reinforced ground.
- Can densify deep soils up to a depth of 45m.
- Vibro Compaction has a diminished effectiveness if sand has fines content between 10% and 15% and definitively is not applicable if fines content exceeds 15%, unless combined with other G.I. approaches.
- For Stone Columns, in very soft clays with undrained shear strength of 20 kPa, stone columns cannot be applied due to the lack of lateral support.
- Stone Columns are also not recommended for high loads on very limited footprints.