1, Sodium Chloride (NaCl) – Common Salt
Production: Mined from salt deposits (rock salt) or obtained via seawater evaporation.
Applications: Food seasoning, water softening, chlorine production (via electrolysis).
2, Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
Production: Direct synthesis: Byproduct of chlorination reactions (e.g., PVC production).
Applications: Production of vinyl chloride (PVC) and hydrochloric acid.
3, Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)
Production: Byproduct of the Solvay process (soda ash production).
Applications: De-icing roads, desiccant, food preservative, concrete accelerator.
4, Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3)
Production: Reaction of aluminum with chlorine gas.
Applications: Friedel-Crafts catalyst (alkylation, acylation), water treatment.
5, Ferric Chloride (FeCl3)
Production: Chlorination of iron or as a byproduct of steel pickling.
Applications: Wastewater treatment (coagulant), PCB etching, dye manufacturing.
1, Vinyl Chloride (C2H3Cl) – PVC Precursor
Production: Ethylene dichloride (EDC) cracking:
Applications: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for pipes, cables, flooring.
2, Methylene Chloride (CH2Cl2) – Dichloromethane (DCM)
Production: Chlorination of methane.
Applications: Paint stripper, solvent in pharmaceuticals, aerosol propellant.
3, Chloroform (CHCl3) – Trichloromethane
Production: Further chlorination of methane or DCM.
Applications: Solvent, anesthetic (historical use), refrigerant production.
4, Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)
Production: Excess chlorination of methane.
Applications: Banned in many uses (ozone-depleting), formerly used in fire extinguishers.
5, Benzyl Chloride (C7H7Cl)
Production: Chlorination of toluene.
Applications: Production of benzyl alcohol, quaternary ammonium compounds (disinfectants).
6, Ethylene Dichloride (EDC, C2H4Cl2)
Production: Direct chlorination or oxychlorination of ethylene.
Applications: Intermediate for vinyl chloride (PVC) production.
Chlorination is a key chemical process used to introduce chlorine atoms into organic and inorganic compounds.
Titanium Tetrachloride (TiCl4)
Production:
- Chlorination of titanium dioxide (TiO2).
Applications:
- Production of titanium metal (Kroll process), TiO2 pigments.
2, Silicon Tetrachloride (SiCl4)
Production:
- Chlorination of silicon or silica.
Applications:
- Semiconductor industry, silicone polymers.
3, Phosphorus Trichloride (PCl3) & Pentachloride (PCl5)
Production:
- Chlorination of white phosphorus.
Applications:
- Agrochemicals (pesticides), flame retardants, pharmaceuticals.
