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Chlorine-Specialties - Model C-365 -Open Channel Diffuser
This single pass across the channel diffuser shown is designed to be lowered into wall brackets. Operating evidence indicates that this type of diffuser should be limited to channels carrying less than 10 mgd or those wider than 5 ft. Beyond these limits there is a significant decrease in mixing efficiency. Therefore in these instances the diffuser should be supplemented by a mechanical mixer immediately downstream from the diffuser. Holes must point upstream. These jet diffusers are also designed to produce a chlorine solution velocity of 23-26 ft/sec. They should always be installed with the holes pointed upstream to achieve maximum mixing efficiency.
Ordering Procedure C-365
To order a C-365 diffuser by code number, three numbers are involved. The first number is the pipe size; the second number is the distance between the supporting sides of the channel in inches; the third number is the expected maximum chlorine solu¬tion flow in gpm. The riser will be kept to one extreme end as shown in Fig, 5. The perforations will be on one side of the pipe at the angle shown in Fig. 5. Therefore, the code number of a 2" C-365 diffuser for a 4` channel and 45 gpm of chlorine solution would be C-365 (2 x 48 x 45).
Potable Water vs Wastewater Treatment
Emphasis on adequate mixing is usually greater in wastewater chlorination than for potable water. This is largely due to the fact that wastewater chlorine dosages are 5-8 times those for potable water However it should be pointed out that the diffusers C-265, C-266 and C-267 for pipes flowing full are specifically designed to provide a properly mixed sample in the least amount of lag time for residual control purposes in water supply conduits.
It should also be pointed out that while the open channel diffusers C-365 and C-367 are used primarily in wastewater for efficient disinfection, diffuser C-266 (Fig. 3) is the most satisfactory diffuser for treating raw sewage for odor control. This diffuser can be installed in those cases so that there will be a negligible amount of obstruction to the sewage flow.
The design concept details of these diffusers are fully described in the Handbook of Chlorination Second Ed. by Geo. Clifford White. Van Nostrand Reinhold New York, NY 1986. See Chapter 8 pages 539, 540, 544-551; Chapter 9 pages 662-664 and Appendix pages 1031-1033.
Diffusers as Mixers
In the early years of chlorination, diffusers were designed primarily to carry and inject a corrosive chlorine solution to the point of application. However in recent years with extensive use of chlorine for wastewater disinfection it has been demonstrated that diffusers can be designed to perform as a satisfactory mixing device. This is true for both closed conduits and open channels. With this in mind, diffusers furnished by Chlorine Specialties are designed to provide maximum mixing performance based upon more than twenty years experience. It should be pointed out however that local conditions involving hydraulic transients are the responsibility of the design engineer and are beyond our control.
Hydraulic Design Considerations
All CL2S jet diffusers, both the closed conduit and open channel types, are designed to produce a jet velocity of 23-26 ft/sec. This results in a d iff user head loss of about 10 ft of water. The C-265 is not a jet type diffuser. It is used where pipes flowing full up to and including 24 inches in diameter.
Materials of Construction
All of these custom made diffusers are made entirely of PVC, The fittings are heavy socket weld and the pipe is schedule 80 PVC.