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Complete Granier System
The whole system is schematised in the picture above (click on the image and then maximize the window view to get a better view). It includes sensor probes, heat-averaging tubes, 4-cores data cable, power supply unit, datalogger and external battery or solar panel. The Granier sap flow sensor includes two probes inserted in the stem with one probe 10-15cm above the other.The upper probe is heated by applying a constant current across a coiled heating element, giving a constant power. The lower probe is not heated and measures ambient tissue temperature.
The temperature difference between the probes is measured with T-type thermocouples junctions embodied in each probe. Heat dissipation due to sap movement reduces the temperature difference. The temperature difference is found to be closely related to the sap flux density and their relationship is found to be independent of tree species or wood anatomy (Granier 1987; Lu et al, 2004).