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Sequoia ScientificModel LISST-Deep -Deep Submersible Particle Size Analyzer

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The LISST-Deep instrument obtains in-situ measurements of particle size distribution, optical transmission, and the optical volume scattering function(VSF) at depths down to 3,000 meters. The LISST-Deep extends operating depth range beyond the LISST-100X or LISST-200X instruments allowing measurements of particle size to be made with at 1 hz with minimal disturbance to the particles.

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  • 4,000 meter depth rating (prior to 2020, rating was 3,000)
  • Small angle forward scattering laser diffraction technology
  • Measures particle size, concentration, beam attenuation, VSF, depth, temperature
  • Self contained with internal programmable datalogger for autonomous data collection
  • Externally powered
  • Optional external battery pack, rated to 4,000 m depth
  • USB connection to PC for programming, offloading and real-time size distribution displays
  • Integrated depth and temperature sensor
  • Power and integrate up to three external analog sensors
  • 36 size classes
  • Analog output of mean particle size and total volume concentration for CTD integration
  • Real-time output of complete Particle Size Distribution

Using a red 670nm diode laser and a custom silicon detector, small-angle scattering from suspended particles is sensed at 32 specific log-spaced angle ranges. This primary measurement is post-processed to obtain sediment size distribution, volume concentration, optical transmission, and VSF. The LISST-Deep is programmed and operated like a LISST-100X. The LISST-Deep can be ordered as a type B (1.25-250µm) or type C (2.5-500µm) size range.

If you study the design of the LISST-Deep and compare it with the LISST-100X  it is clear that the mechanical design is very different from that of the LISST-100X. The optical path is more or less in the middle of the instrument, not at the end. This means that no accessories available for the LISST-100X will work with the LISST-Deep, with the exception of communication cables and instrument stands. No BioBlock, mixing chambers or path reduction modules are available for the LISST-Deep.

Also, because of the much thicker wall of the pressure housing, there is no room for internal battery packs as for the LISST-100X. The LISST-Deep must be powered externally at all times. This is typically achieved by connecting it to a CTD, getting power from the CTD. A cable for connecting to a CTD will be included, if the customer supplies Sequoia with the pin-out of the CTD upon ordering. Upon request, Sequoia can furnish a quote for a LISST-Deep external battery pack with cable for connecting to the LISST-Deep.

The LISST-Deep and the LISST-100X was used after the Deepwater Horizon accident in April 2010 to detect oil droplets and their size in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico.

Parameters measured

  • Particle size distribution from 1.25-250µm or 2.5-500µm
  • Depth (3000 m max depth @ 0.8 m resolution)
  • Optical transmission @ 0.1 % resolution
  • Volume concentration @ 0.1 µl/l resolution
  • Volume concentration @ 0.1 µl/l resolution
  • Volume concentration @ 0.1 µl/l resolution
  • Volume scattering function (VSF)

Operating concentration range

  • Optical transmission from  0.3-0.985 (30-98.5%)
  • Concentration range 1-800 mg/l (grain-size dependent)

Technology

  • Small-angle forward scattering
  • 32-ring custom photodiode ring detector for small-angle VSF
  • 50 mm optical path (10 mm with optional 80% PRM)

Mechanical and electrical

  • Dimensions 12.57 cm (4.95”) dia. by 80.3 cm (31.6”) L
  • Weight: 17/8 kg (38/18 lbs) in air/water
  • 3000 m depth rating
  • External power input: 9VDC nominal, 6-24VDC
  • Sampling rate: Up to 1 Hz
  • 670 nm solid state diode laser
  • Power drain: 145 mA / 8mA (measuring / quiescent)
  • Data storage: 1 GB (~12,500,000 size distributions)