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TMRM Perchlorate

MCE China：TMRM Perchlorate

Brand：MedChemExpress (MCE)

Cat. No.HY-D0984A

CAS：115532-50-8

Synonyms：T668

Purity：99.69%

Storage：4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light *In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Shipping：Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Description：Rhodamine dyes are membrane-permeable cationic fluorescent probes that specifically recognize mitochondrial membrane potentials, thereby attaching to mitochondria and producing bright fluorescence, and at certain concentrations, rhodamine dyes have low toxicity to cells, so they are commonly used to detect mitochondria in animal cells, plant cells, and microorganisms.

In Vitro：1.Preparation of TMRM working solution1.1Preparation of the stock solutionDissolve 1 mg TMRM in 339 μL DMSO to obtain 5 mM of stock solution.1.2Preparation of TMRM working solutionDilute the stock solution in serum-free cell culture medium or PBS to obtain 1-20 μM of working solution.Note: Please adjust the concentration of TMRM working solution according to the actual situation.2.Cell staining2.1 Suspension cells (6-well plate)a.Centrifuge at 1000 g at 4℃ for 3-5 minutes and then discard the supernatant. Wash twice with PBS, 5 minutes each time.The cell density is 1×106/mL.b.Add 1 mL of working solution, and then incubate at room temperature for 5-30 minutes.c.Centrifuge at 400 g at 4℃ for 3-4 minutes and then discard the supernatant.d.Wash twice with PBS, 5 minutes each time.e.Resuspend cells with serum-free cell culture medium or PBS. Observation by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry.2.2 Adherent cellsa.Culture adherent cells on sterile coverslips.b.Remove the coverslip from the medium and aspirate excess medium.c.Add 100 μL of working solution, gently shake it to completely cover the cells,and then incubate at room temperature for 30-60 minutes.d.Wash twice with medium, 5 minutes each time. Observation by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry.Note: If detection by flow cytometry, cells need to be resuspended before staining.

Cell Assay：Cultures are exposed to Millipore-filtered solutions (0.22 µm) containing TMRM Perchlorate for 1 hr at 37°C (except the experiment involving different durations of exposure to TMRM Perchlorate). After treatment, solutions are removed and growth media reapplied under sterile conditions, and cultures are post-incubated for 18 hours at 37°C (except for the experiment involving analysis at different time points after exposure). Cells are then stained with 2 mg/mL bisbenzimide for 20 min at room temperature. Coverslips are subsequently washed in saline and imaged using 2P microscopy. Apoptotic cells are identified as brightly fluorescent nuclei under UV excitation indicating DNA fragmentation. Cell survivability is calculated as the percentage of live, unstained cells (±SD) in five microscopic fields per treatment[1].

Emission (Em)：576

Excitation (Ex)：550

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References：

[1]. Crowley LC, et al. Measuring Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential by TMRE Staining. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2016 Dec 1;2016(12):pdb.prot087361.  [Content Brief]

[2]. Chowdhury SR, et al. Simultaneous evaluation of substrate-dependent oxygen consumption rates and mitochondrial membrane potential by TMRM and safranin in cortical mitochondria. Biosci Rep. 2015 Dec 8;36(1):e00286.  [Content Brief]

[3]. Monteith A, et al. Imaging of mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial responses in cultured rat hippocampal neurons exposed to micromolar concentrations of TMRM. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58059.  [Content Brief]