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PSA - Model AD205E -Online Wastewater Analysis System
Online wastewater analysis for the determination of Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As) & Selenium (Se), at trace concentrations, using Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry. Hg, As & Se are considered environmental priority pollutants and the determination of these metals in wastewater from industrial sources is a challenging application. In recent years wastewater treatment plants have been installing technologies to capture and remove the metals. The efficiency of these treatment processes needs to be monitored using accurate analytical systems.
Some examples of industrial processes that require wastewater monitoring for these elements include:
- Thermal Coal Power Generation (FGD wastewater)
- Oil and gas refineries (Produced/Desalter Water)
- Smelting plants
- Semiconductor fabrication
- Incineration wastewater
- Chor-alkali plants
The targeted sample matrices are often quite difficult to manage so any online approach must be capable of handling a variety of complex waste waters.
It’s widely accepted that online analysers offer some major operational and cost benefits compared to traditional laboratory approaches including;
- Improved efficiency, accuracy, and consistency of the data
- No gaps in the data set (24/7 capability)
- Realtime results (with alarm feedback)
- Lower operating costs and labour savings through automation
- Improved worker safety
PS Analytical offers 2 fully automated online wastewater analysers.
1. PSA 10.226 Online Hg
- a. 10.226A (amalgamation option)
- b. 10.226V (direct cold vapour option)
2. PSA 10.256 Online Excalibur (for As/Se)
These analysers represent the third iteration of our online offerings for aqueous liquid streams. Both systems have some similarities including;
- Touch screen PC
- Multiple sample streams including grab samples
- Self-cleaning sample filtration.
- Very Low reagent and utility consumption
- Typically, 5-7ml of reagent is required per sample
- Online digestion and sample preparation
- Customisable alarm output options
The general chemistry manifold (10.226) is shown below.
- port sample and reagent selection valve(s)
- Online UV digestion/reaction vessel
- Syringe for sample and reagent distribution
- Gas Liquid Separator
- All steps are fully controlled by PS Analytical online software
- The selection valve controls which sample, standard or reagent is aspirated and then dispensed into the UV digestion vessel.
- Sample digestion takes a few minutes to complete.
- Digested samples are dispensed to the gas/liquid separator.
- Standard cold vapour reduction chemistry, using stannous chloride, proceeds automatically and the resulting Hg vapour is carried to the detector.
A similar approach is followed for As and Se determinations with an appropriate change in reagents. For these analytes, standard hydride generation takes place using sodium borohydride chemistries, with the resulting hydride being carried to the detector for analysis.
- For more details on the analytical step processes please contact P S Analytical
Both online systems have integrated AFS detectors. Coupling with either cold vapour generation or hydride generation has been PSA’s core competency for over 35 years. The 10.226 analyser also has the option to include a gold amalgamation trap for ultimate sensitivity.
AFS offers a number of analytical performance benefits;
- Ultra-trace limits of detection
- Wide analytical linear working ranges
- Lack of chemical interferences
- Inexpensive running costs
- Ease of use
To compliment the online analysers P S Analytical offer a range of AFS laboratory-based systems. With the addition of analyte separation capabilities (which is becoming more routine) allowing for speciation studies, PSA offers powerful analytical tools to help contract laboratories, research teams and regulators alike with these determinations.