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PSI - Model FL 6000 -Double-Modulation Fluorometer
Double-Modulation Fluorometer FL 6000 measures chlorophyll α (Chlα)- -?uorescence. Measured ?uorescence emission is excited by a set of light- -emitting diodes that generate measuring ?ashes of few microseconds in duration and low intensity; the photochemistry is driven by single-turnover ?ashes or by continuous actinic irradiance. Chlorophyll ?uorescence is detected by a PIN photodiode and digitized by a 16-bit A/D converter. The instrument supports Pulse Amplitude Modulation measurements and, at the same time, can capture fast OJIP transients or perform rapid measurements of QA- reoxidation kinetics, S-states.
The fast version of FL 6000-F allows measuring Flash Fluorescence Induction (FFI) experiments which leads to a calculation of the effective antenna size, antenna connectivity and rapid lights curves. The major feature of this ?uorometer is the capacity of the instrument to generate rectangular actinic ?ashes of extremely high power also with 620 nm excitation light source. This feature is helpful for cyanobacteria measurements. Full reduction of QA acceptor can be achieved within 25 µs and the instrument can measure ?uorescence induction during such a single-turnover saturating ?ash. This technique is used to determine the effective antenna size of the Photosystem II as well as its heterogeneity and connectivity without disturbing the measured system by DCMU or other herbicides.
- SuperHead measuring unit –measurements performed in standard cuvette for sample suspensions of algae or cyanobacteria
- Unifed control unit for all FL 6000 versions, compatible with different measuring units.
- Light intensities and timings are software controlled separately for each LED set with 100 ns resolution
- Four sets of LEDs: - measuring light 1 – red
- - measuring light 2 – blue
- - actinic light – red
- - single-turnover flash – red
- PIN photodiode detector with 40× variable gain for signal acquisition with 1MHz/16-bit maximal accuracy
- Pulse Amplitude Modulation measurements
- Probing physiology of photoautotrophs suspensions
- Measurement of efficiency of PSII photochemistry
- Estimation of aquatic primary productivity
- Exploring photosynthetic performance and metabolic perturbations in phytoplankton
- Molecular biology – screening for photosynthetic mutants • Detection of abiotic and biotic stress and stress tolerance
- Taxonomical studies
- Aquatic bloom detection
- Creation and archivation of experimental protocols
- FluorWin Wizard for automated protocols
- Retrieval and export of experimental data
- Data manipulation and visualization
- Windows 7, or higher compatible