Ammonia Removal Solutions
Conventional ammonia removal from wastewater comes in two forms: The first, and most commonly employed method, is the use of bacteria in aerated or anoxic reactors. For waste-water streams with relatively low ammonia and comparatively high carbon loading, it has proven to be a robust, viable and long-term solution. Difficulties only arise when the carbon available in the wastewater is not adequate to drive the necessary conversions to nitrogen gas. When a wastewater stream has very high ammonia levels (greater than 3000 mg/l) and carbon is inadequate, the cost of operation for an extended duty-of-care period can become excessive.
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The second process often employed is that of pH-driven ammonia stripping. The wastewater stream is dosed with lime or caustic soda to raise the pH to above 11. This process converts ammonium ions to ammonia gas. Air is then passed through the wastewater, typically in a packed column or plate tower at a ratio of approximately 3,000:1. The effluent may be finally dosed with acid to reduce the pH to acceptable discharge levels. The big issue here is the cost of chemical additions to drive the pH adjustment. Unless a large and in-house source of lime is available the cost can be prohibitive.
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