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creative biogene - Bacterial Endotoxin ...

creative biogene - Bacterial Endotoxin Testing

Bacterial endotoxins, found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria are members of a class of phospholipids called lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS are not exogenous products of gram negative bacteria, implicated in the development of Gram-negative shock. The release of LPS from bacteria takes place after death and lysis of the cell. They can cause adverse reactions in sufficient concentrations, such as fever, hypotension, pulmonary edema and disseminated coagulation events in humans and animals, by release of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and interleukins. For example, endotoxin reacts with lipopolysaccharide-sensitive cells producing tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Macrophages are cells mediating the toxic activities of LPS, and TNFα is the primary mediator of the lethal action of endotoxin.