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Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process that involves predicting and evaluating the likely impacts of a project on the environment (land, water, air, flora, fauna and people) at various stages (construction, commissioning, operation and abandonment) of the project development. It also involves the development of appropriate preventive, mitigating and enhancement measures that will protect the environment from the identified impacts. These measures are formulated into environmental management and monitoring plans.In the Philippines, the EIA process is implemented by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Environmental Management Bureau(EMB). Through a reiterative review process, the predicted impacts and mitigating measures are assessed and if determined positive, DENR EMB issues an Environmental Compliance Commitment (ECC) document that is conformed by the project proponent and this then represents the project’s Environmental Compliance Certificate. The release of the ECC allows the project to proceed with implementation, including the acquisition of other approvals from government agencies and local government units.
There are three general EIA Report categories with separate preparation and application procedures – the EIS, the EPRMP, and the IEE. The EIS -Environmental Impact Statement - is a full-blown study that establishes detailed baseline characteristics of the land, air, water, biota and people in the host site and vicinities of a proposed project. An EPRMP – Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan - is normally required if projects are existing and intend to expand, with the report focusing on its environmental performance over the past 3 to 5 years of operation. The impacts of the expansion on the existing environmental management plan are assessed and the necessary mitigating measures incorporated. The IEE – Initial Environmental Examination – is an abbreviated EIS in that only general descriptions of the environment are required.