Toxicity Reduction Evaluations (TREs)

Toxicity reduction evaluations (TREs) typically build upon the results of TIEs in that the TRE focuses on reducing concentrations of the toxicant of interest. This may be through source control that optimizes usage concentrations, switching to an effective but less toxic alternative, optimizing current treatment processes to more thoroughly treat the toxicant of interest, or adding additional treatment technologies to reduce toxicant concentrations. The ideal treatment should be robust, cost-effective, and have limited downside in terms of environmental hazards or human health risks.