Corporate Brochure In English Brochure

Berlinwasser International Global ActivitiesLocal FocusoperatemanagedesignplanfinancebuildoperatemanagedesignplanfinancebuildContents 03 Berlinwasser International04 Berlinwasser Holding05 Competencies09 Concessions11 BOOT Models15 Management Contracts18 Operations and Maintenance20 Consulting23 AppendixGlobal Activities – Local FocusDespite the fact that water is the world’s most abundant natural substance, drinking water is a valuable resource. That is why the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals have de? ned insuf? cient access to clean drinking water as an obstacle to development affecting one third of the earth’s population and resolved that it is to be reduced by half by 2015. We ? rmly believe that drinking water and wastewater treatment cannot be held up as a general good unless they encompass sustainable water management and security of installation operations. We are shouldering this responsibility through a portfolio ranging from water extraction in China through to wastewater recycling in Namibia on to well management in Brazil. Berlinwasser International01 03Berlinwasser International AG is Germany’s leading international water and wastewater operations and service provider. With more than 10 years successful business development in international water and wastewater markets we are active in Central and South-Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa. We are taking up the challenge presented by the shortage of drinking water supplies and the urgent need for wastewater treatment. Berlinwasser International AG delivers clearly de? ned products and services, essential for a sustainable and economizing water resources management. We are focusing on the combination of technological and commercial expertise for the ef? cient operation of water supply and waste water disposal systems. Tailor-made solutions for our clients are making us a capable partner. Our large-scale infrastructure competence, advisory capacities for investment and consulting projects are creating high customer value, guaranteeing stable quality and services of water and wastewater treatment.The international activities of the BWI AG with together 2 450 employees in 12 countries are managed from the Berlin headquarters. The main shareholder is the Land Berlin over the Berlinwasser Holding. Berlinwasser International AG is the entity responsible for the management and for the planning and development of the international activities of the Berlinwasser Group. For its international projects, BWI effectively draws on the competencies of the whole Berlinwasser Group, particularly the know-how gained from decades of experience by the Berliner Wasserbetriebe. 04/0502 03Berlinwasser Holding Key FiguresTurnover € 1.1 bn p.a.Employees 5 000 Berlin, 2 000 internationalInvestment € 301 m p.a.Customers, worldwide 10 mWater supplied 287 m m³ p.a.Wastewater treated 456 m m³ p.a.Water Treatment Plants 17Wastewater Treatment Plants 28Distribution Network 8 300 kmSewer Networks 13 950 kmOverview Potable Water – BerlinTotal Volume 197 m m³/aAverage daily water consumption 116 l per capita and dayWater Treatment Plants 9Wells 800Surface Water Treatment Plants 2Drinking water pipeline network 7 843 kmHouse connections 258 000Turnover from water sales € 404 m p.a.Number of customers, water 3.5 mOverview Drainage – BerlinAverage daily treatment 712 000 m³/dWastewater Treatment Plants 6Total length of sewer 9 360 kmWastewater pipes 4 178 kmCombined pipes 1 902 kmRainwater pipes 3 212 kmPressured pipes 1 124 kmPumping stations 145Service area approx. 800 km²ConcessionsBWI carries out all types of assignments: operation management, maintenance and repair, construction, rehabilitation and extension of facilities and networks, and collection of tariffs speci? ed by public partners.BOOT ModelsOn a build-operate-transfer basis, BWI plans, ? nances, operates and manages water or wastewater treatment plants in accordance with technical performance standards speci? ed by local or international clients.Management ContractsWithin the framework of management contracts, BWI supports water utility companies to resolve speci? c issues associated with day-to-day operations.Operation MaintenanceBWI is contracted to carry out complete operation and maintenance of water supply and wastewater disposal systems.ConsultingBWI is providing consultancy, ef? cient support and the skills required to develop modern, customer oriented and ? nancially sturdy water utility services. Pro? ting from the experience of Berliner Wasserbetriebe, our clients can draw on the expertise of a company with highly advanced technologies as well world-class management systems. We are employing our skills successfully in EU accession countries, Central and Eastern Europe, in Asia, Africa and Latin America.150 Years of Water Experience1852 Contract between the Prussian government and the British entrepreneurs Fox and Crampton for the supply of ‘running water’ to the City of Berlin1878 Establishment of a municipal sewerage department1924 Integration of water supply and wastewater management into a subsidiary wholly owned by the City of Berlin1961 Separation into East-Berlin and West-Berlin entities1992 East-Berlin and West-Berlin entities merge into ‘Berliner Wasserbetriebe’1994 Formation of an Incorporated Public Law Company, ‘Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts’ (AöR)1999 Privatization2000 Incorporation of Berlinwasser International AG0504Core CompetenciesTherefore we provide following services: – Operation of water and wastewater treatment plants.– Providing best practice in operational procedures.– Access to advanced process technology knowledge.– Evaluation of investment needs for reconstruction and rehabilitation of water sector infrastructure, including the preparation of master plans and feasibility studies.– Building up organisational capacity to improve the quality of decision making, sector ef? ciency and managerial performance in the planning and implementation of programmes and projects.– Assisting public and private water companies in restructuring their business into an ef? cient, modern working and ? nancial strong water utility.– Assisting in the introduction and implementation of modern management information systems (MIS), geographical information systems (GIS) and of supervisory control and data acquisition systems.– Establishing an ef? cient billing and accounting system, considering the implementation of a fair tariff policy.– Reducing operational costs and increasing revenue collection performance by putting in place a proven Non-Revenue-Water strategy.– Preparing energy management audits to reduce expenditure for electrical and thermal energy.– Advice on tendering and procurement to reach international standards.– Training and education of company staff members and members of other relevant institutions in environmental awareness.– Improving public health and sanitation by proper sewer maintenance and cost effective sewage treatment, including both centralised and decentralised systems.06/07We are successfully bringing the water accumulated know-how generated for the German metropolis over the course of 150 years to markets on four continents. Our clients are international ? nancing institutes (IFI’s) as well as national, regional and municipal authorities supporting the improvement of the water sector. Know-how TransferAs an interdisciplinary management company, we have increased our engagement in consulting projects, creating and improving the structural prerequisites and guarantees for private-sector engagement in the water business. FinanceThe transfer of operational and management know-how represents a long-term investment that will have a positive impact on our pro? t situation. To safeguard our long-term projects ? nancially, we are developing sustainable ? nance models with international clients that effectively link equity capital, bank lending, and national and international ? nance instruments. TechnologyWe are experienced with both national and international technical, commercial and ? nancial standards relating to water and wastewater technology. On the client side, our technology expertise is generating maximum bene? ts. The installations that we plan, build and operate ful? l international environmental standards and take regional conditions and possibilities into account in equal measure.06Customer Value07References and Projects Concession BOT/TOT O&M Consulting/Other Foreign RepresentationsAlbania AzerbaijanBrazilChinaHungaryIndiaNamibiaRussiaSerbiaThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamUAEWashington Tirana Baku KievBelo Horizonte Tirana Truskawetz Istanbul Kiev Belgrade Tarsus Baku Bangkok Hanoi Wuhu/Wujiang Rajasthan Adana Abu Dhabi Swakopmund Windhoek Albania 4 Cities ImishliBudapest Elbasan HódmezövásárhelyNanchang Hefei Xian 08/09What we provide Concession, BOOT Models, Management Contracts, Operations and Maintenance, Consulting.ConcessionsSocially acceptable tariff structures for the end customerThe particular challenge posed by these models are their complex contractual arrangements, especially in relation to the tariff structures and their adjustments which need to cover many areas of social and political changes over extremely long time periods, and which have to consider the sphere of risks for each party to the contract accordingly.– Public sector issues a concession for the water supply and/or wastewater disposal for a speci? c area.– Private partner is responsible for construction and/or rehabilitation and expansion of the necessary plants and networks, and for their operation, maintenance and repair. He is also responsible for collecting tariffs from the end customers.– Concession company is established, or an existing water utility company is purchased.– Duration: 25 – 30 years (in some cases unlimited). Ownership of the plants is then either returned to the public partner, or, in case of purchase of an existing water utility company, remains entirely with the concession company.– Public partner acts as a regulatory body, and is not the primary provider of services to the population.– Effective acquisition of private capital for rehabilitating existing systems and constructing new plants.– Ef? cient operation of the system.– Development of innovative technological solutions.For Berlinwasser International, concession contracts are one of the areas of activity which carry the highest level of responsibility, since the role of the municipal partner is reduced to that of a regulatory body, and they are therefore no longer the primary provider of services to the population.Concessions include the construction, rehabilitation and expansion of the necessary plants and networks, and their operation, maintenance and repair, as well as the collection of tariffs from the population (taking the technical parameters speci? ed by the public partner into account). Different options can be realised during the project implementation: either a new concession company is established or the existing water utility is purchased wholly or partially.Contracts of this nature cover a period of at least 20 years or sometimes are without a time limit (e.g. when purchasing shares in existing companies).The ownership in the existing plants and facilities is either transferred to the concession company at the start of the concession period, returning to the public partner at the end, or, when shares are purchased in an existing water utility company, it remains with the concession company.An important point to bear in mind with these concepts is the determination of viable tariff structures and their development over the contract period due to the in? uence of in? ation as well as to potential changes in legislation, e.g. the revision of environmental protection law, etc. Concessions are an effective way of bringing in private capital for the fundamental rehabilitation of existing systems and the construction of new plants, combined with the ef? cient operation which also leads to the development of innovative technological solutions.BWI carries out all types of assignments: operation management, maintenance and repair, construction, rehabilitation and extension of facilities and networks, and collection of tariffs speci? ed by public partners.08Within a concession framework, Berlinwasser International experts are contributing to the successful operation of the Budapest wastewater treatment plant. The Fövarosi Csatornásási Müvek Rt. is responsible for wastewater disposal and ? ood protection in the Danube metropolis. The company operates a sewer network of about 4 500 km total mains, two wastewater treatment plants, in Southern Pest and Northern Pest, with a total capacity of 200 000 m³ per day; 150 pumping stations and a waste disposal site for excess sewage sludge. Since 1997, the proportion of Budapest wastewater treated by biological means has been increased from 20% to 40%, thanks to a signi? cant expansion of capacity and the completion of modernisation measures in the wastewater treatment plants and the sewer network (approx. 20 km per year). With 1 150 employees, the company achieved a turnover of €104 million (2004).10/11History1990 In the aftermath of 1989, Hungary too, saw many of its state utilities broken up, privatized or closed on economic grounds. Local communes retained responsibility for water supply and wastewater disposal. Increased ef? ciency was urgently required:– Discontinuation of state subsidies – Improved services– Introduction of modern technologies1992 A privatization study is performed. The models under discussion: – Sale of assets– Sale of shares– Sale of a license1994 The Budapest Assembly decides to convert the public sewerage utility into a public stock company. Twenty-? ve percent of the shares are slated to be sold to private investors. 1997 Privatization contracts are signed. Contracting partners:– The City of Budapest– Géneral des Eaux, France– Berliner WasserbetriebeTotal investment amounts to US$80 000 000. Rights and responsibilities, ownership rights and functional and administrative procedures are de? ned in an extensive agreement.The umbrella term BOOT (Build, Own, Operate, Transfer) includes a range of different models such as BOT (Build, Operate, Transfer), TOT (Transfer, Operate, Transfer), BOO (Build, Own, Operate), 09 10Engagement in Budapest DOT (Design, Operate, Transfer) etc.Models of this kind can be used to acquire private capital to invest in new plants (or with TOT, to purchase existing plants).These are traditional cooperation models within the international water sector. The public sector is responsible for the collection of tariffs from the end customer, whereas the private partners take on the entire ? nancing of the construction (or purchase, as the case may be). Within a BOOT model, Berlinwasser International plans and constructs, ? nances and operates a wastewater treatment plant or waterworks in accordance with the technical performance standards speci? ed by the public partner in question.The operating period is ten to twenty years – enough for the private operator to gain the accrued costs and to make a reasonable pro? t. With expiration of the contract period the plant is transferred, either free of charge or at a previously agreed value, to the public partner.To achieve the above mentioned goals, a project company will be established. With the start of operations, the public partner pays a quantity-dependent tariff to the project company, whereby the public partner guarantees a minimum level of utilisation for water production or wastewater treatment. This minimum tariff is to be guaranteed (take-or-pay-principle).The tariff is also subject to regular reassessment by means of a price escalation clause which takes into account the various cost factors.With this concept, the public sector remains the primary service provider to the population, and is responsible for collecting fees.BOOT modelsBerlinwasser International is structuring excellent ? nancing modelsThe advantage of this model is the entire ? nancing for the construction of each new plant (or the takeover and rehabilitation or extension of the existing plant) which can ultimately lead to highly ef? cient ? nancial structures.The optimisation only concerns the plant itself, and not a system-wide increase in ef? ciency which would also include the water distribution network or the sewer system.– Construction, ? nancing and operation of a plant (water and/or wastewater) by the private partner in accordance with the technical requirements speci? ed by the public partner.– Duration: 10 – 20 years, after which the plant is transferred to the public partner.– Public partner remains responsible for services to the population, and collects fees.– Project company is established solely to ful? l the speci? ed tasks.– Public partner pays a quantity- dependent tariff to the project company (which is usually subject to a price escalation clause).– Entire ? nancing for the construction of a new plant and the rehabilitation or extension of an existing plant.– Highly ef? cient ? nancing structures.XianOne milestone along the way was the project to build and operate the water plant in Xian, completed back in 1997. The waterworks, with a drinking-water On a build-operate-transfer basis, BWI plans, ? nances, operates and manages water or wastewater treatment plants in accordance with technical performance standards speci? ed by local or international clients. The ? rst construction section encompasses a classic biological treatment plant with a dry weather capacity of 330 000 m³/d (mixed water capacity of the mechanical treatment phase is 990 000 m³/d).The main performance parameters are as follows (in? ow/out? ow): BOD 130/30 mg/l, SS 200/30 mg/l, NH4-N 25/20 mg/l, TP 2/1 mg/l. The process includes coarse and ? ne screening and aerated sand and grit catcher, activated sludge tank, sludge thickener, digestion and drainage. The stabilized and drained sludge is deposited at a disposal site.HefeiOn 24 November 2004, Berlinwasser International and the Hefei Construction Commission signed contracts for the transfer and operation of the Wang Xiao Ying treatment plant in Hefei, with a total contract value of CNY480 000 000. The project was awarded through a competitive bidding process won by Berlinwasser International and its Chinese partner, East China Engineering Science & Technology Co. Ltd. The joint venture received an exclusive 23-year concession to operate the treatment plant. Plant operations have been failure-free and up to high environmental standards. The municipal treatment plant has a capacity of 310 000 m³/day, disposes of wastewater produced by one million people and serves as a training centre for Chinese wastewater disposal specialists.production capacity of 550 000 m³ per day, is one of the most advanced facilities of its kind in China and, as one of the earliest of the BOT projects, serves as an example in that area as well.NanchangBerlinwasser International operates a water treatment plant in Nanchang that treats 330 000 m³ of wastewater per day. The facility was constructed and ? nanced in cooperation with a Chinese partner. With the Nanchang project, BWI became one of the ? rst foreign companies to structure the ? nancing of a project in the wastewater sector exclusively with Chinese banks.On 23 October 2004, the ? rst construction section of the local water treatment plant built with Berlin know-how went into operation in the capital of the Chinese Jiangxi Province. The project is based on a BOT agreement signed in 2003 between the city of Nanchang and a consortium made up of Berlinwasser International, with an 80% share, and Beijing Urban Construction Group (BUCGT), with a 20% share. The joint venture company Nanchang Qingshanhu Project Ltd. carried out the planning and construction of the facility under the direction of Berlinwasser International. The project has a 21.5 year term: 18 months for planning and construction and 20 years for operation. Through the project ? nance package set up with a Chinese Bank, the project was ? nanced on a non-recourse basis with solely Chinese funds.12/13Water Milestones in ChinaBWI AG’s investments in China have already passed the one billion Chinese yuan mark, and the Chinese water market will remain a growth market for water know-how from Berlin well into the future.11 12 13 14Surface Water Treatment Flow Chart14/15A public partner commissions Berlinwasser International to manage the existing water utility company within the framework of a management contract. Such water utility company is then supported by Berlinwasser International’s experts, regarding speci? c tasks or the day-to-day operation. The duration of contracts of this nature is usually three to ? ve years, with the public partner retaining its role as the primary service provider to the population.The public partner pays a pre-speci? ed fee which is usually divided into a basic fee and a success-oriented fee.The public partner is responsible for ? nancing investments aimed at expanding or improving and rehabilitating the existing system. However, these investments are frequently – entirely or partly – re? nanced by the World Bank or by regional development banks.The advantages of this concept are the relatively high potential for an improve-ment in performance and for an increase in company ef? ciency through the transfer of technology and the acquisition of technological and operations management skills.Berlinwasser International has already gained a reputation of being a competent player in the area of international management models. This is primarily due to the extensive skills and knowledge of the specialists of Berlinwasser International. Contract to manage the existing water utility company – Duration: up to 5 years– Public partner remains responsible for the services to the population– Private partner receives a pre-speci? ed fee from the public partner– Public partner is responsible for ? nancing and investment (for the expansion, improvement or rehabilitation of the plant). Possibly re? nancing by regional development banks or the World Bank.– High level of service improvement– Increased ef? ciency– Technology transfer– Acquisition of technological and operations management skills Management contractsImproved ef? ciency comes ? rstWithin the framework of management contracts, BWI supports water utility companies to resolve speci? c issues associated with day-to-day operations.1516/17In the public’s perception, Albania still ? gures as undiscovered territory on Europe’s outer edge. This should change if Albania can increase the appeal of its as yet undeveloped tourism possibilities. Doing so would clearly involve meeting the European-standard for water supply and wastewater disposal. Travel agencies simply prefer not to send vacationers into regions where water is a scarce commodity in hotels. Although Albania does not suffer from a lack of water, fresh water ? owing from a household tap to be enjoyed whenever the urge arises is not something that can be taken for granted in that country. The lion’s share of wastewater ? ows untreated into the Adriatic, which, seen from above along the coasts, is anything but blue.There is now motion in the water sector in four cities – Durres, Fier, Lezhe, and Saranda – because the Albanian government, four local water utilities, Berlinwasser International, and the World Bank have started to work together here. Berlinwasser International has been executing a ? ve-year management contract for the A4C Project – Albania Four Cities: three port cities and an industrial city 50 kilometres inland.The project extends over a catchment area with a population of around 430 000. Initially, the funding situation at the four Albanian water utilities did not appear particularly promising: turnover was €3.6 million in 2003 while EBITDA was stuck deep in the red, with minus one-third of turnover. Before the team made up of German, Albanian and British experts could get started on the work of markedly improving the water supply and wastewater removal systems, increasing ef? ciency of the plants, reducing water loss and, ultimately, reaching a state where the local water utilities could operate at a pro? t, they had to invest in the effective management of relationships with agencies and decision-makers at the local and federal levels as well as in their own personnel policy.In addition to the problems posed by geographic distance – the four cities are spread out all along the county’s north-south axis – the project had linguistic hurdles to overcome as well. Also, rather than being able to set to work as usual with a ? ne technological basis to draw on, the team started off with a ? ne technical display – of improvisation, when heavy machinery was not in operating condition or fuel was short. When the project began, the water supply in Saranda, for example, was available for barely two hours a day. Since then, water has been made available to residents in Fier and Saranda ahead of schedule. Today, anyone connected to the city drinking water system in Saranda can enjoy water from the tap without interruption for 11 hours each day. There are good prospects for progress with respect to continuous water supply in the other cities as well. Over 22 kilometres of new water pipes are going to be laid, which will further reduce water losses and further improve the level of distribution. The World Bank, which regularly measures project progress according to three technical and two economic performance indicators (see box), indicated its satisfaction with the general progress of the project thus far in the mid-term review.Parameters for SuccessThe World Bank regularly appraises the status of the Four City Project. Three technical and two economic criteria are the major focuses of assessment:– Continuity of the water supply– Percentage of households receiving a minimum of two hours of water supply per day – Improvement of water quality– Collection rate: the ratio of income compared to total bills for water sales – Working ratio: a ? gure portraying the economic ef? ciency of the water utilities 16Water for a Blue AdriaticFour-City Project in Albania with World Bank funding Wastewater Treatment Flow Chart1718/19Contract to manage and operate an existing plant or water supply/wastewater disposal system – Establishment of a project-speci? c operating company– Duration: 5 – 15 years– Public partner remains responsible for the services to the population– Pre-speci? ed fee is paid to the operating company by the public partner (usually subject to a price escalation clause)– Public partner is responsible for ? nancing and investment (for the expansion, improvement or rehabilitation of the plant). Possibly re? nancing by regional development banks or the World Bank.– High degree of performance improvement– Increased ef? ciency– Technology transfer– Transfer of technological and commercial management skillsOperations management models are one of the core competencies at Berlinwasser International. A public partner contracts Berlinwasser International to carry out the entire operations management of an existing plant or water supply/wastewater disposal system. With this aim in mind, a project-speci? c operating company is established which provides the operating personnel as well as taking over responsibility for utilities, maintenance and repair work, etc. The public partner pays a pre-speci? ed fee to the operating company, consisting of ? xed and variable (i.e. quantity-dependent) portions. This fee is usually subject to an escalation clause which takes into account the annual increase of costs.The term of contracts of this type is usually ? ve to ? fteen years. According to this concept, however, the public partner remains the primary service provider to the population, and is responsible for the collection of tariffs.The public partner is also responsible for ? nancing investments aimed at expanding or improving and rehabilitating the existing system or plant.This concept has the advantages that the private operating company is responsible for the ef? cient and economic operation of the plant or system, and for the compliance with the speci? ed technical operating parameters. The risk to the public sector is limited to the regular adjustment of the fee to the operating company. Operations and MaintenanceA long-term partnership between the municipal authorities and Berlinwasser InternationalBWI is contracted to carry out complete operation and maintenance of water supply and wastewater disposal systems. AnalyticIn addition to the implementation of advanced technology for the New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant, the plant’s analytical control regime makes up part of the reclamation policy. Organic and microbiological parameters are used, in addition to the chemical/physical parameters, and toxicological analyses of the water are performed on a regular base. A side stream of the reclaimed water is continually fed through a bio-monitoring system. This system allows harmful substances in the water to be detected before the water reaches the public. The New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant (NGWRP), owned by the city of Windhoek, produces 21 mega-litres of potable water per day. The plant’s operation and maintenance have been outsourced through a Private Management Agreement with the Namibian Windhoek Goreangab Operating Company (WINGOC). WINGOC shareholders are Berlinwasser International, WABAG VA TECH and Veolia Water. Namibia is the most arid country in Sub-Saharan Africa. The average rainfall is 360 mm, with an annual evaporation of 3 400 mm. The only perennial rivers are on the country’s northern and southern borders, 750 and 900 kilometres from the capital, Windhoek, respectively. Windhoek therefore continuously faces serious water challenges. Since all naturally available water sources in and around Windhoek were already being fully exploited, plans were drawn up to build the New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant. Construction of the plant, which is based on the latest available proven water treatment technology, was completed in 2002. System DesignWINGOC recycles wastewater to produce drinking water. This involves both mechanical and biological steps as well as ozonation and membranes. The NGWRP system uses the following treatment processes: – Raw water blending and powder activated carbon addition – Pre-ozonation and coagulation – Flocculation and dissolved air ? otation – Rapid gravity dual media ? ltration – Ozonation – Biological activated carbon ? ltration – Granular activated carbon adsorption – Membrane ultra? ltration Windhoek18 19 2020/21We provide consultancy, support and skills required to develop modern, customer oriented and ? nancially sturdy water utility services. Pro? ting from the experience of Berliner Wasserbetriebe, our clients can draw on the expertise of a company with highly advanced technologies as well world-class management systems.Thanks to broad experience and ? exibility, Berlinwasser International offers outstanding consultancy, support and skills required to develop modern, customer orientated and ? nancially strong water utility services. Building on the experience of Berliner Wasserbetriebe, our clients can draw on the expertise of a company with highly advanced technologies as well world-class management systems. In addition to a trusted team of associated experts, BWI provides professionals high experienced in water operations technology and best practice solutions. Key projects in transition economies have focussed on achieving client objectives of: – Setting a baseline on the current operational status. – The achievement of quanti? able operational improvements. – Benchmarking the current service against international standards. – The introduction of performance based management principles, indicators and best practices. – Managing the change to a ? nancially strong, customer orientated and modern water service.Customer bene? tCustomers bene? t from a methodical approach to consulting services – we identify the key milestones to be achieved and then monitor progress rigorously. We identify and respond to the needs of key stakeholders including, customers, staff, industry and society at large. BWI consultancy has also provided action plans for obtaining the additional ? nancial and expert resources needed to ful? l new programs of improvements, with advice on how to obtain these resources and take advantage of existing opportunities.Consulting teams BWI has all the necessary skills and experience to lead multinational and multi skilled consulting teams to achieve the objectives of our clients including technical and organizational modernization, know-how exchange and ? nancial strengthening of water companies.ConsultingPartners of Berlinwasser International bene? t from specialist expertiseBerlinwasser International is leading an international consortium with a staff of experts from Serbia, Germany, Cyprus and the United Kingdom that is making a structural contribution to the sustainable economic development and the improve-ment of living conditions in Serbia through the Institutional Support Programme. The focus is on measures for rehabilitating the ? nancial situation of suppliers, the ef? cient management of networks and the introduction of new customer management software. KfW Entwicklungsbank is ? nancing the 36-month project, the objective of which is to enable the water supply operations in the cities of Belgrade, Novi Sad, Nis and Kragujevac to improve the operations and quality of their water supply. To ensure sustainable operation of the water supply and wastewater treatment systems, the rehabilitation of supply systems for municipal drinking water and industrial water is linked to rates that are both socially sustainable and suf? cient to cover expenses. Water for Serbia Belgrade Water Supply and Sewage (BVK) operates the major share of the mains system for drinking water supply and sewage in Belgrade, which supplies around 1.4 million Belgrade residents with their water. Budget restrictions and administrative problems have hindered the necessary investment in plants and the pipe network. Due to pressure losses in supply areas at higher elevations, drinking water does not reach all customers. Only 50 – 70% of wastewater is removed and treated; untreated wastewater ends up ? owing into the Sava River and the not confront alone: construction at the Danube dam at the Iron Gate (Ðerdap) also affected the hydraulic capacity in the sewage network by changing the Danube’s water ? ow.Description Belgrade Novi Sad Kragujevac NisPerformance IndicatorsPopulation served 1 400 000 290 000 200 000 250 000No. of connections 161 000 42 000 50 000 39 000Personnel 3 061 565 657 688Distribution network (mains) 2 700 km 651 km 600 km 656 kmPerformance IndicatorsNon-revenue water 35% 30% 40% 37%Collection efficiency 86% 76% 70% 75%Real loss as % of production 19% 21% 35%Real loss per capita 80 60 135Real loss per length of main 41 32 5021 2222/23Serbia From an economic perspective, Serbia is in a dif? cult position compared to the other Balkan countries. Serbia began to tackle the process of political, economic and social reform in 2000. Its water industry re? ects the problems of the country at large. Continual cutbacks in the resources available to supply utilities have led to the postponement of necessary maintenance work, which has, in turn, led to decreases in performance and water shortages. This vicious circle leads to high water-consumption levels, which exacerbates the shortages.In many places, international wastewater disposal standards can barely be maintained. Speci? c localised problems further complicate the situation. The bombing of an oil re? nery led to contamination of the ground water around Novi Sad, which can no longer be used. Existing water sources in Nis are insuf? cient to meet the needs of the population, and the water supply system in the capital, Belgrade, is completely out-dated.Danube The Danube is the only major European river that ? ows across the continent from west to east. At 2 840 km, it is Europe’s second longest river (the Volga is 3 570 km) with the second largest catchment area.Population of Serbia 10 394 02623AppendixAlbaniaDurlinwater Sh.p.k.c/o Water Works DurresL. 17, Rr: ‘Dalip Peza’DurresAlbania Phone: +355 52 33100/-32300 Fax: +355 52 33333 e-mail: durres@berlinwasser.netElber Sh.p.k.Lagjja ‘Dyli Haxhire Myzyri’ Ish N.B.SHElbasanAlbaniaPhone: +355 54 40755Fax: +355 54 40755e-mail: elbasan@berlinwasser.netAzerbaijanImishli JV GmbHIstiglaliyyat Street 43, Apt. 28AZ 1001 BakuAzerbaijanPhone: +99412 492 14 70Phone/Fax: +99412 498 77 41 e-mail: baku@berlinwasser.netChinaHefei Wangxiaoying Sewage Treatment Co. Ltd. No 1 South Tongling Road, HefeiAnhui Province Peoples Republic of China Postcode: 230051Phone: +86 551 4675290Fax: +86 551 4675293e-mail: hefei@berlinwasser.netNanchang Qingshanhu Project Co. LtdBeili Xucun, High-Tech DistrictNanchangJiangxi Province Peoples Republic of China Postcode 330039Phone: +86 791 81 66 407Fax: +86 791 81 96 046e-mail: nanchang@berlinwasser.netHungaryBudapester Städtische Abwasserwerke AG (FcSM)Favarosi Csatornazasi Muvek Reszvenytarsag Rt. (FCsM Rt.) Asztalos Sandor u. 41087 BudapestHungaryPhone: +36 1 4554-224Fax: +36 1 4554-232e-mail: budapest@berlinwasser.netCsatorna Holding Rt.Szép utca 2.1053 BudapestHungary NamibiaWINGOC Windhoek Goreangab Operating Company Pty. Ltd. Matshitshi Street, Goreangab Ext. 3P.O. Box 2103WindhoekNamibiaphone: +264 61 272083fax: +264 61 272263 e-mail: wingoc@berlinwasser.net24/2524Special Purpose Companies25AlbaniaRR, Mine Peza P/Z. Shk/1, Ap.2TiranaAlbaniaPhone/Fax: +33542 22857 e-mail: tirana@berlinwasser.netAzerbaijan Nizami Street 48, Apt. 1370005 BakuAzerbaijanPhone: +99412 987741Fax: +99412 984259e-mail: baku@berlinwasser.netBrazilBW Brasil Ltda.Alameda do Ingá, 840 – Sala 701/70234.000-000 Nova Lima – MGBrazilPhone: +5531 3264 6462Fax: +5531 3286 7944e-mail: novalima@berlinwasser.netUSAInternational Business Alliance, Inc.106 Fleets Cove RoadHuntington, New York 11743USAPhone: +631 4238709Fax: +631 2713465e-mail: newyork@berlinwasser.netRepresentatives26SS Suspend solidsCOD Chemical oxygen demandChemical oxygen demand is a measure of total oxidizable matter present in water under speci? c conditions. It indicates the amount of oxygen (in mg/l) that would be needed to oxidize the matter if oxygen were used as the oxidizing agent.BODBiological oxygen demandBiological oxygen demand indicates the amount of oxygen necessary for the biotic degradation of organic matter present in the water under speci? c conditions and within a speci? c time period. Biological oxygen demand is used as pollutant parameter in assessing the degree of pollution of wastewater.TP Total phosphorTotal phosphor (encourages algae growth)NH4-N(Ammonium) Ammonia nitrogen (toxic to ? sh)Glossary26/27Ullstein Bild 01Berliner Wasserbetriebe 02–06Berlinwasser International 07Berliner Wasserbetriebe 08Budapester Wasserbetriebe 09–10Berlinwasser International 11–14iStockphoto 15Berlinwasser International 16–22Ullstein Bild 23Budapester Wasserbetriebe 24–26PhotosBerlinwasser International AGStralauer Straße 32D-10179 BerlinTelefon: +49 30 814 68-0Fax: +49 30 814 68-539 e-mail: info@berlinwasser.net www.berlinwasser.net