Monoflex Porous Cup Lysimeter System Manual

Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.comPOROUS CUP LYSIMETERSINSTRUCTION MANUALComplete instructions for installation and operation of MonoflexLysimeters and accessories.Q u a l i t y g ro u n d w a t e r m o n i t o r i n g p ro d u c t s s i n c e 1 9 7 3Campbell08/03page 1TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGEIntroduction to Monoflex Lysimeters and Sampling Characteristics 2Overview of Monoflex Lysimeter Operation 3Monoflex Lysimeter Installation Components List 4and Typical Installation IllustrationMonoflex Lysimeter Pre-testing Components List 5 & 6and Pre-testing ProceduresMonoflex Lysimeter System Assembly Procedures 7, 8 & 9Monoflex Lysimeter Installation Procedures 10 & 11Monoflex Lysimeter Operation Procedures 12, 13 & 14Monoflex Lysimeter Cleaning & Decontamination Instructions 15Monoflex Lysimeter System Accessories 16 Note: Drawings featured here-in are representative of Monoflex products; actual products may differ in appearance. Performance and product specification are correct at time of publication. Monoflex is a registered trademark of Monoflex, Division of Campbell Mfg., Inc.PTFE is a registered trademark of Dupont.Version 3 - 080103Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.comQ u a l i t y g ro u n d w a t e r m o n i t o r i n g p ro d u c t s s i n c e 1 9 7 3Campbell08/03 page 2Monoflex Porous Cup Lysimeter SystemINTRODUCTIONInvestigation of the vadose (unsaturated) zone is an essential part of many environmental monitoringprograms. The ability to detect groundwater pollutants as they travel towards the water table ispossible with the use of Monoflex Lysimeters. Early detection, by removing samples of soil porewater, may result in less expensive remedial measures.Monoflex Lysimeters are soil pore water collection devices, designed for permanent installationbeneath the ground surface. They are closed tubular devices with a porous ceramic filter elementat one end. Monoflex Lysimeters are provided with two ports; one to allow application of avacuum or pressure, the other to allow delivery of collected water samples to the surface.They operate by establishing continuity between the soil pores and those in the porous element ofthe lysimeter. Surrounding the lysimeter with a filter media will ensure intimate contact with thesurrounding soil and effectively increase the operating range. An equilibrium will be establishedbetween the water in the soil pores, the filter media and the porous ceramic cup. Application of avacuum to the inside of the Monoflex Lysimeter will cause the pore water to flow from the soil poresthrough the filter media, the porous ceramic cup into the lysimeter body. The soil pore water maythen be transferred to the ground surface via the sample recovery line, by pressurizing thevacuum/pressure line.Sampling Characteristics of Ceramic MaterialAs stated above, Monoflex Lysimeters feature a threaded porous ceramic cup as the filter. The othermaterials used in Monoflex Lysimeters are virgin, NSF listed PVC pipe and barstock, nyloncompression fittings, polyethylene tubing and Viton O-rings. No solvents, glues or adhesives areused in the manufacture or assembly processes. Please see the following notes regarding useof ceramic materials for ground water sampling.? The ceramic material absorbs or interferes with NO3 -N and P, especially when the sorptive capacity of the soil is less than that of the ceramic. Sorption or a combination of factors has beenfound to reduce levels of Ni, Cu Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Mg approximately 10% following percolation through ceramic cups. Percolation through the ceramic also reduced concentrationsof the chlorinated hydrocarbons ppDDD, ppDDE, and ppDDT by 90%, 70% and 94% respectively.?Analysis of extracts from porous ceramic also reveals that Ca, Na, K, Mg, bicarbonate and silicaare leached from the ceramic material.? Researchers have concluded that ceramic does not yield valid water samples for fecal coliformanalysis. Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 3Monoflex Porous Cup Lysimeter SystemOVERVIEW OF LYSIMETER OPERATION* Monoflex Porous Cup Lysimeters are designed for permanent installation beneath the groundsurface. Their purpose is to collect water from the vadose (unsaturated) zone. The system is designedfor long term use in one location.* Monoflex Lysimeters consist of a threaded porous ceramic cup, a PVC body in which the sampleis collected, and a threaded top plug with two tubing fittings installed. The tubing fittings are sizedfor 1/4” O.D. (6.35 mm) tubing, one for the vacuum/pressure operation and one for sample recovery.The tubing connects to the corresponding tubing fittings between the lysimeter and the lysimeterhead assembly. The lysimeter is threaded directly to the PVC flush threaded casing, and thelysimeter head assembly slips onto the casing at ground level. The PVC flush thread lysimeter casingenables placement of the lysimeter at the desired depth while protecting the lysimeter tubing.* The Monoflex Lysimeter is placed in a 6” (15.24cm) diameter borehole with a filter media placedaround the porous ceramic cup. A bentonite seal(grout), backfill, and concrete seal are placedabove the filter media to protect the installationfrom contamination from ground surface run-off(see illustration on page four of this manual).* To activate the lysimeter, close the samplerecovery valve on the well head assembly, attacha hand operated or 12-volt electric vacuum pump to the open vacuum/pressure valve, generating avacuum of approximately 24 in. Hg (71.1 cm. Hg). Once a vacuum is generated, water will flowfrom the soil pores through the filter media, through the porous ceramic cup, and into the lysimeterbody. Soil pore size and moisture will affect the time needed to collect a sample.* Evacuation of the sample is achieved by applying a low-level pressure of approximately 10 PSI(52 cm. Hg) to the opened vacuum/pressure valve and opening the sample valve on the lysimeterhead assembly. The capacity of the sample chamber on both types of Monoflex Lysimeters is 400ml. The Monoflex porous ceramic cup has an average pore size of 0.446 micrometers.Note: Generally accepted practice for lysimeter systems involves the use of 200 Mesh Silica Flouras the filter media. Due to the hazardous nature of silica flour, it is not stocked at our facilities.Silica flour may be purchased through Monoflex as a drop ship in pallet quantities only. Monoflexcan assist with locating less than pallet quantities; please call us at (800) 523-0224.Naturally occurring soil may be used as an alternative to silica flour, provided the soil is free fromrocks and pebbles. Mix the soil with distilled water to a consistency of smooth concrete forplacement in the borehole.All references to “filter media” in this manual refers to either silica flour or naturally occurring soil.Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 4Monoflex Porous Cup Lysimeter SystemINSTALLATION COMPONENTSThe Monoflex Shallow Sampling Lysimeter is designed for placement to depths of 20’ (6.1 m) orless. For installations to depths of 21’ to 250’ (76.2 m), a Monoflex Deep Sampling Lysimeter isrequired. Our sales representatives will answer your questions to ensure the appropriate model isselected for your particular application. Call 800-523-0224 or 610-367-5675. The following items will be required for a typical Monoflex Lysimeter installation;• Monoflex Shallow or Deep Sampling Lysimeter • Monoflex Lysimeter Head Assembly* (one per lysimeter)• Filter Media for surrounding the lysimeter (volume of one five gallon pail)• 1/4” O.D. PTFE or Polyethylene Tubing (two lengths per lysimeter)• One Tubing Groover for 1/4” O.D. tubing• A Monoflex Vacuum/Pressure Hand Pump or 12V electric vacuum pump • Monoflex PVC Flush Thread Lysimeter Casing** (quantity depends on well depth)• Monoflex Steel Well Protector with Angle Cut Lid and padlockNote:* If a Monoflex Lysimeter Head Assembly is notpurchased, a vacuum/pressure gauge, and two ballvalves will be needed, as well as a method forsecuring tubing at the surface. ** Lysimeter casing is not absolutely required inall installations. However, Monoflex stronglyadvises use of casing to protect the tubing linesbetween the lysimeter and the ground surface.Lysimeter casing also will assist with accuratedepth placement. Monoflex Lysimeter flushthread casing is not ASTM F-480 compatible.Note:Bentonite Grout and concrete are not availablefrom Monoflex. These products are typicallyavailable through a local drilling equipmentwholesale distributor.Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 5Monoflex Porous Cup Lysimeter SystemPRE-TESTING COMPONENTSThe following items will be required for pre-testing Monoflex Lysimeters prior to installation;• Alconox® or Liquinox® (both available from Monoflex), and distilled water for decontamination.• Distilled water for pressure testing, de-gassing, and pre-filling. • Protective (latex or nitrile) gloves for handling the system during assembly, cleaning, andinstallation. • A latex membrane, such as a condom, for vacuum testing the system. • Clean plastic bags to wrap the assembled system for transfer to the installation site.• 2 gal. (7.6l) distilled water per 5 gallon pail of filter media. • A large, clean container for mixing filter media and distilled water. • A large, rigid spatula (or drill with mixing paddle) to mix the filter media. • A clean sample collection container, with a capacity greater than that of the lysimeter, (400ml). MONOFLEX LYSIMETER PRE-TESTING PROCEDURESNote: Effective use of the Monoflex Lysimeter System requires that all fittings and unions must beair tight. Two methods are described to check the assembled system for air leaks. All MonoflexLysimeters are tested at our facility prior to shipping; fittings may loosen in transit and should bere-checked for tightness. If the optional pre-installation factory testing was purchased, it is notnecessary to perform pressure and vacuum testing.Please see page 7 of this manual for assembly procedures. The following pre-testing procedureswill reference the Monoflex Lysimeter, tubing and head assembly as one assembled unit.Pressure TestingCompletely immerse the Monoflex Lysimeter and tubing connections in distilled water. Connectthe pressure outlet of the Monoflex vacuum pump to the vacuum/pressure valve (marked “v/p”, withred valve handle), on the lysimeter head assembly. Close the sample recovery valve on the headassembly (marked “s”, with blue valve handle), and apply 15 PSI (1 bar) of air pressure, noting thereading on the vacuum/pressure gauge on the head assembly. Observe all connections for evidenceof air bubble formation, indicating leakage. The porous ceramic cup should give off small“champagne” type bubbles over the entire surface area. Large bubbles forming at the joint betweenthe cup and lysimeter body indicate a leak. Leaks involving the body components of the lysimetershould be checked for cleanliness, particularly the surfaces that touch the O-rings. Unthread thecup and re-tighten under water. If leaks are observed at the tubing connections, disassemble, checkfor correct assembly and re-tighten. The threads of the tubing connections on the top of thelysimeter are wrapped with PTFE tape at the factory. They may be unscrewed and wrapped withPTFE tape again if needed. See figure one on page six. Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 6Monoflex Porous Cup Lysimeter SystemMONOFLEX LYSIMETER PRE-TESTING PROCEDURES (continued)Vacuum TestingEncase the lower half of the lysimeter body with a latex or flexible plastic membrane, (such as acondom), and secure with rubber bands above the porous cup. After shutting off the samplerecovery valve on the head assembly, connect the vacuum inlet of the pump to the vacuum/pressurevalve and pull a vacuum in excess of 20 inches (51 cm) of mercury and close the vacuum/pressurevalve. After noting the reading on the head assembly gauge, leave the system for several hours andrecheck the gauge reading. A small drop of as much as 3 inches (7.6 cm) of mercury may beexpected. If a large drop is noted, check and re-tighten all connections as described under “Pressuretesting” on page five of this manual. See figure two below. Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 7Monoflex Porous Cup Lysimeter SystemLYSIMETER SYSTEM ASSEMBLY PROCEDURESWhen properly installed, the typical Monoflex Lysimeter system may be expected to producerepresentative samples for a number of years. It is important that the system be tested thoroughlybefore taking it to the installation site. Prior to installation, the system should be pressure and/orvacuum tested to ensure it is leak free. The Monoflex Lysimeter system components are cleaned and packed in plastic bags. Thecomponents have not been subjected to the rigorous decontamination procedures required forequipment used to obtain samples for subsequent micro-analysis of trace pollutants. If completedecontamination is required, see the section in this manual titled “DECONTAMINATIONPROCEDURES” and/or follow those specified for the project. Note: If the lysimeter body isdecontaminated, it will be necessary to pass at least 2 liters of distilled water through the porouscup to ensure complete removal of liquids used for the decontamination. After this procedure iscompleted, the components should be bagged. Subsequent handling should be done in a clean area,using sterile gloves. The system components supplied are manufactured by Monoflex to satisfy the requirements of theorder. Mixing these with components from other suppliers may lead to compatibility problems whichmay result in leakage or failure of the lysimeter system.Assembly of Tubing to FittingsTubing ends should be grooved before attaching a fitting. Failure to do so will allow the tubingto slip out of the fitting and cause leakage. If the installation requires the tubing to be shortened,the new end will need to be grooved, using a special grooving tool available from Monoflex. Thetool not only cuts the groove, but also places the groove at the correct distance from the end ofthe tubing. See figure three below.Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 8Monoflex Porous Cup Lysimeter SystemLYSIMETER SYSTEM ASSEMBLY PROCEDURES (continued)Assembling the System ComponentsAssembly of the Monoflex Lysimeter components such as the lysimeter, tubing, and casingshould be completed prior to arrival at the installation site. This will allow for pressure and/orvacuum testing and procedures such as tube grooving to be done under clean conditions.(1) Attach the vacuum/pressure and sample recovery tubing to the compression fittings located on the top of the lysimeter. Cut each piece of tubing to the required length, making certain allcuts are clean and straight.(2) Follow the instructions for tubing grooving located on page seven of this manual. Note the vacuum/pressure outlet at the top of the lysimeter plug is marked with a “V/P”, and the samplerecovery is marked with an “S”. Make certain the other end of each tube is suitably markedor tagged This will assure each length of tubing is correctly connected to the Monoflex Lysimeter Head Assembly. (See figure four on page nine)(3) Depending on well depth, the lysimeter extension casing should not be threaded together fortransport to the job site. This operation is best completed at the job site, as the casing cannotbe assembled once the Monoflex Lysimeter Head Assembly is attached to the tubing. After the tubing lines are securely connected to the top of lysimeter and marked, pass them throughthe lysimeter casing string.(4) After the lysimeter casing is assembled insert the ends of the tubing into the corresponding tubefittings located underneath the Monoflex Lysimeter Head Assembly. (See figure five on pagenine)Note: Monoflex Lysimeter casing threads are designed for use WITHOUT any type of solvents,PTFE tape, or thread compound. Using these items may cause failure to the threads.Pre-wetting the Porous Ceramic CupFinally, before moving the assembled lysimeter system to the installation site, Monoflex recommendsthe lysimeter body be placed in distilled water and a vacuum of approximately 15” (38 cm) ofmercury be applied for one hour. This procedure pre-wets the porous ceramic cup and eliminatesair that is trapped in the pores of the cup. The lysimeter should be installed with the body filledwith distilled water if no lysimeter casing is used.Note: An empty, unsupported lysimeter will float on the wet filter media when placed in theborehole.Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 9Monoflex Porous Cup Lysimeter SystemLYSIMETER SYSTEM ASSEMBLY PROCEDURES (continued)Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 10Monoflex Porous Cup Lysimeter SystemLYSIMETER INSTALLATIONThe installation of a Monoflex Lysimeter System should be in accordance with the followingprocedures. Borehole PreparationThe borehole must provide adequate space to allow the lysimeter body to be surrounded by the filtermedia. For a 1.9” (4.75 cm) O.D. lysimeter, use a 6” (15.2 cm) diameter or larger borehole. Theborehole must allow for at least a 1.5” (3.8 cm) thickness of filter media on any one side of the porouscup of the lysimeter. Casing may be used to maintain an open borehole during installation.Immediately after installation of the filter media and lysimeter, pull back the casing and seal thehole with a bentonite grout.Mixing Silica Flour or Natural Soil for use as Filter MediaSilica flour is mixed with distilled water using a ratio of one part water to three parts silica flour.A fifty pound bag will require about 2 gal. (7.58l) of distilled water to make the slurry and will besufficient for a single lysimeter installation in a 6” (15.2 cm) borehole. In a large mixing tub, addthe flour slowly to the distilled water with constant stirring. (Preparation can be made easier byusing an electric drill with a mixing paddle). The mix must be completely blended and free of lumps.Constant stirring is essential as the silica flour is not water soluble and will settle if not agitated.Note: Wear an appropriate filter mask while handling the dry silica flour. Note the healthand safety warnings located on the silica flour container and MSDS.Use approximately the same method for mixing natural soil. The finished mixture should somewhatresemble a smooth concrete slurry.Placing the Filter Media SlurryPour part of the slurry into the borehole to provide a bed beneath the lysimeter of at least 4” (10.2cm) in depth. Depending on the borehole diameter, between a quarter and one-third of the totalslurry is usually sufficient for the bed.The Monoflex Lysimeter should now be lowered into the borehole. Make certain that the lysimeterbody is centered within the borehole. Monoflex again strongly advises use of the lysimeter casingfor accurate depth placement and for the protection of the tubing lines and fittings.Pour the balance of the slurry into the borehole to completely cover and surround the lysimeter body.Note the lysimeter must have intimate contact with the slurry and the slurry must fill all voids inthe bottom of the borehole. The lysimeter should be supported at the ground surface with stakesfor at least two hours while the slurry sets. Please see figure six on page eleven of this manual.Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 11MONOFLEX POROUS CUP LYSIMETER SYSTEMLYSIMETER INSTALLATION (CONTINUED)Follow the instructions on page nine of this manual for assembling the sample recovery tubing,vacuum/pressure tubing and lysimeter casing. A bentonite seal should be installed above thefilter media slurry, followed by tamped backfill. A second bentonite seal is suggested near thesurface. Follow the instructions on page nine of this manual for attaching the Monoflex Lysimeter HeadAssembly to the tubing and lysimeter casing. Please note that prior to installation, it must bedetermined where the lysimeter head assembly will be placed; either flush or above the groundsurface. Placing the lysimeter head assembly above ground is more common as this provides easieraccess during sampling. Take into consideration the amount of lysimeter casing you will need toachieve your desired lysimeter head assembly placement.A Monoflex steel well protector with an angle-cut lid, set in concrete, provides excellent protectionfor the lysimeter head assembly. Monoflex steel well protectors are available in three-foot lengths,with other lengths available as a special order. This length is important to remember when decidingthe amount of stick up of the lysimeter head assembly, keeping in mind the steel well protector mustbe buried below grade while set in concrete.Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 12MONOFLEX POROUS CUP LYSIMETER SYSTEMLYSIMETER OPERATIONRemoving the Distilled Water from the LysimeterIf the lysimeter was filled with distilled water prior to installation, it should be removed at this time.Monoflex recommends the use of a two-port rubber stopper in a collection flask. The size of theflask should be equal or greater in size than the lysimeter capacity, which is 400 ml. This methodis unlikely to disturb the filter media slurry by breaking the seal between it and the porous cup ofthe lysimeter. This would result in a lysimeter system failure. Please see figure seven on thispage.(1) Close the vacuum/pressure valve and open the sample recovery valve on the lysimeter well headassembly.(2) Insert flexible plastic tubing into the push-to-connect fitting on the sample recovery valve. Insertthe other end into a hole on the rubber stopper on top of the flask. The tube should protrude approximately one inch (2.5 cm) below the stopper into the flask.(3) Insert another length of flexible plastic tubing into the other hole on the rubber stopper so thetubing is flush with the bottom of the stopper. Insert the other end of the tubing into the vacuum end of the Monoflex vacuum/pressure hand pump, (the end opposite the handle).(4) Apply a GENTLE vacuum to the system and the distilled water will flow into the collection flask. Please see figure seven below.Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 13MONOFLEX POROUS CUP LYSIMETER SYSTEMLYSIMETER OPERATION (continued)Activating the LysimeterAfter removing the distilled water from the lysimeter, you may now charge it to obtain a sample.If the charging procedure is started immediately after installation, it will be necessary to discardthe distilled water used to make up the filter media slurry. Remove a water volume equivalent toapproximately one-third of that used to make up the slurry.Example: Using two gallons (7.57 l) to mix the slurry would mean the first .6 gallons (2.27 l) ofdistilled water should be discarded. The method described on page twelve of this manual forremoving the water from within the lysimeter should be used for this procedure.If the installation is left alone for a few days, the distilled water in the slurry will migrate into thesurrounding soil and establish the continuity needed between the porous cup and the surroundingsoil. Samples collected in this situation would then be considered representative.Note: The following activation instructions are to be used for both the Monoflex Shallow and DeepSampling Lysimeters.(1) Open the vacuum/pressure valve and insert a length of flexible plastic tubing and close the samplerecovery valve on the lysimeter head assembly.(2) Apply a GENTLE vacuum to the vacuum/pressure line until a reading of 18-21” (46-53.4 cm)of mercury is reached on the vacuum/pressure gauge on the lysimeter head assembly. Quicklyclose the vacuum/pressure valve.Sample Recovery from the LysimeterShallow Sampling Lysimeter - Please note a sample may be retrieved from the Monoflex ShallowLysimeter using the flask activation method described on page twelve. However, this may not bedesirable if sampling for volatile compounds as putting the sample under vacuum could changethe quantitative results.Deep Sampling Lysimeter - Although the Monoflex Deep Sampling Lysimeter is designed foroperation between 20 to 300 feet in depth, it is operated exactly the same as the shallow lysimeterexcept that pressure must be used to recover a sample.If sampling deeper than 100 feet (30.5 m), the pressure supplied by the hand pump may not besufficient to bring the sample to the ground surface. A pressure of .45 PSI (.03 bar) is required foreach one foot (30.5 cm) of depth. A portable nitrogen tank or air compressor with a pressure regulatormay be used as an alternate pressure source.Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 14MONOFLEX POROUS CUP LYSIMETER SYSTEMLYSIMETER OPERATION (continued)(1) When the vacuum/pressure gauge on the lysimeter well head assembly reads 10 inches (25.4 cm) of mercury or less, sample recovery should be attempted. Up to 24 hours or more may beneeded to collect a sample depending on the amount of soil moisture present.(2) Open the vacuum/pressure and sample recovery valves on the lysimeter head assembly.(3) Insert a length of flexible plastic tubing to the push-to-connect fitting on the sample recovery valve.(4) Apply GENTLE pressure to the vacuum/pressure tubing until the sample flows into the samplerecovery tubing and into your sample container. It is not necessary to continue pumping oncethe water flows out of the sample recovery tubing. Simply hold the pump handle in place oncethis begins. (5) Close all valves when the sample recovery is completed to protect the system from possible run-off contamination.Note: If using an air compressor or portable nitrogen tank, a pressure regulator must be used.Note: Any time pressure is introduced to the lysimeter system, always increase the pressureGENTLY. If any excessive pressure is applied to the system instantly, it is possible the filtermedia would be damaged resulting in a lysimeter system failure.Note: Example for calculating pressure requirements for lysimeter sample recovery.Lysimeter depth at 100 feet:100 feet x .45 PSI = 45 PSI (30.5 m x .03 bar = 3.03 bar). An additional ten percent of pressure tocompensate for any friction loss through the vacuum/pressure or sample recovery tubing may berequired.Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 15MONOFLEX POROUS CUP LYSIMETER SYSTEMCLEANING AND DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURESThe following procedures should provide a thorough cleaning and decontamination. Monoflexassumes no liability and provides no guarantee these procedures will ensure that a Monoflexproduct has been 100% cleaned and decontaminated. Monoflex does believe these procedures willgive the purity characteristic required. Ceramic Components(1) Disassemble all components.(2) Prepare a normal solution of hydrochloric acid (HCL). (3) Rinse all components in deionized water.(4) Submerge all components in the HCL solution for minimum of 30 minutes. Use a tool to remove components from the solution then soak in deionized water. (5) Re-submerge the components in clean deionized water at least two more times to remove all traces of the HCL.(6) Monoflex believes an additional step of an Alconox® and deionized water bath and then a bathof hydrogen peroxide should render the equipment clean. (7) In all cases, a final rinse in deionized water should ensure that the device is then suitable for representative sampling.PVC Components(1) All components must be thoroughly cleaned of loose particles, machining burrs, and any loosematerials, both inside an out. Monoflex strives to ensure this process is completed before shipment. (2) Prepare a suitable Alconox® and deionized water bath which will allow total immersion of thecomponents to be decontaminated/cleaned. (3) Allow components to remain fully immersed for no less then ten minutes and agitate the solution frequently.(4) Remove products and allow excess liquid to drain off.(5) Rinse all components with a deionized water bath, remove and drain.Note: Handle all components while wearing clean, surgical gloves to reduce the chance of contamination. Monoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.com08/03page 16MONOFLEX LYSIMETER ACCESSORIESLYSIMETER HEAD ASSEMBLY: Designed for placement onthe lysimeter casing at the ground surface. The well headassembly provides a neat and secure termination of the tubes fromthe lysimeter. A vacuum/pressure gauge and two color-coded ballvalves are mounted on a PVC plate beneath a weatherproof cap. VACUUM/PRESSURE HAND PUMP: This pump is designedto apply a vacuum to the lysimeter for sample collection. Thepump can be converted to apply pressure for sample recovery bychanging the black rubber tube fitting to the opposite end of thepump. ELECTRIC VACUUM PUMP (12 VOLT): Capable of pulling25” (63.5 cm) of mercury on several lysimeters simultaneously. TUBING: Monoflex supplies tubing in various sizes andmaterials for use with lysimeters and bladder pump systems.Materials include PTFE, Polyethylene, PTFE lined Polyethyleneand Nylon. MONOFLEX LYSIMETER CASING: Manufactured fromthe same high quality Sch. 40 PVC as our screen and casingproducts, lysimeter casing enables the user to place the lysimeterat the desired depth while protecting the tubing lines. TUBING GROOVER: A tool for flexible tubing, such asPTFE and Polyethylene, that places a groove the correctdistance from the end of the tubing. This tool is required whenflexible tubing is used with compression fittings, as in a lysimeterinstallation. STEEL PROTECTIVE COVER: Angle-cut steel wellprotectors provide vandal proof protection for lysimeter instal-lations. The angle-cut lid provides easy access to the lysimeterhead assembly. Available in three-foot lengths by 7” square(.915 m x 17.78 cm square). Lysimeter Well Head AssemblyLysimeter Casing12-Volt ElectricVacuum PumpTubing GrooverSteel ProtectiveCover with Angle-Cut LidMonoflex Division of Campbell Manufacturing, Inc.Prairie du Sac, WI • Bechtelsville, PA • Largo, FLPhone: 800-523-0224 • Fax: 610-367-5675website: www.campbellmfg.comVacuum/PressureHand Pump08/03page 17ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FROM MONOFLEXIsomega® Bladder PumpsAir/Gas Sampling PumpsStrataSamplerTMDisposable PVC and HDPE BailersPVC, Stainless Steel, and PTFE BailersFlush Thread PVC Screens & CasingsInjection Molded Well AccessoriesVisit us on the Internet and browseour online catalog atwww.campbellmfg.com Cover Table of Contents Introduction Overview of Operation Installation Pre-testing System Assembly Operation Cleaning & Decontamination Accessories