Denatonium Saccharide
Denatonium saccharide is possibly the most bitter substances known. Just a few parts per million will make a product so bitter that children and pets will not be able to swallow it. Denatonium saccharide makes sweet but highly toxic products such as antifreeze and detergents taste foul. Research shows that people can detect denatonium saccharide in water at 50 parts per billion. Denatonium saccharide is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm. Denatonium saccharide is also stable and inert. In addition, so little is needed that the properties of the product remain unchanged.
Both the National Safety Council and the American Medical Association recommend adding denatonium saccharide to products that are defined as mild to moderately toxic. Some countries like France have made denatonium saccharide mandatory in antifreeze. Others such as Italy have made denatonium saccharide the number one denaturant for ethanol. The State of Oregon has required that it be added to antifreeze and windshield wiper fluid since 1995.
Aversion Technologies offers denatonium saccharide in both powder and granular form (technical grade only).