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SPI - Martensitic Grades
Martensitic grades were developed in order to provide a group of stainless alloys that would be corrosion resistant and hardenable by heat treating. The martensitic grades are straight chromium steels containing no nickel. They are magnetic and can be hardened by heat treating. The martensitic grades are mainly used where hardness, strength, and wear resistance are required.
Type 410
Basic martensitic grade, containing the lowest alloy content of the three basic stainless steels (304, 430, and 410). Low cost, general purpose, heat treatable stainless steel. Used widely where corrosion is not severe (air, water, some chemicals, and food acids. Typical applications include highly stressed parts needing the combination of strength and corrosion resistance such as fasteners.
Type 410S
Contains lower carbon than Type 410, offers improved weldability but lower hardenability. Type 410S is a general purpose corrosion and heat resisting chromium steel recommended for corrosion resisting applications.
Type 414
Has nickel added (2%) for improved corrosion resistance. Typical applications include springs and cutlery.
Type 416
Contains added phosphorus and sulphur for improved machinability. Typical applications include screw machine parts.
Type 420
Contains increased carbon to improve mechanical properties. Typical applications include surgical instruments.
Type 431
Contains increased chromium for greater corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. Typical applications include high strength parts such as valves and pumps.
Type 440
Further increases chromium and carbon to improve toughness and corrosion resistance. Typical applications include instruments.