14 services found
GEOSPECTRUM S.C. Services
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Geophysical Services
GeoSpectrum company offers wide range of geophysical services (engineering seismics, Ground Penetrating Radar, electrical resistivity, microgravimetry and electromagnetics), geological, geotechnical and environmental ...
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Seismic Studies
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Near Surface Seismics Refraction
Refraction technique was the first major geophysical technique used for the exploration or deep oilbearing layers. Currently, it is widely used in detailed studies of shallow ...
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Near Surface Seismics - MASW/MAM Seismic Surveys
Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves technique- in active MASW 1D/2D/3D and passive MAM/ReMi 1D versions, bases on seismic S-waves analysis included in dispersive Rayleigh waves. A characteristic feature of the Rayleigh wave is that it represents about 70% of the total elastic energy waves recorded during the measurement. S-wave, whose velocity and attenuation are directly dependent on the elastic properties and density of the soil is ~ 90% of the ...
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Seismic Refraction Tomography
Refraction tomography bases on the classic seismic refraction studies. Classical refraction gives good results in the ground with relatively low variable structure and layers (which differ significantly in velocities of seismic waves). In contrast, tomography can localize more complex structures where seismic wave velocities change in different directions gradually. Such places are fault zones, areas of karst, voids. Refraction tomography uses 'first ...
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Georadar
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Near surface GPR Georadar Instrument
The principle of operation of GPR is generating and sending an electromagnetic wave into examined soil, rock or other material. This is done by transmitting antenna generates a signal of a specific frequency. Wave passed through the soil is refracted, reflected on the geotechnical borders, when encountering facilities, infrastructure or other inhomogeneities wave is dispersed, called diffraction. Both antennas are connected to the control unit, which ...
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GPR Geophysical Surveys by Profiling Technique
GPR profiling technique, also called reflexive profiling, is the simplest technique for GPR. It involves analysis of the structure surveyed medium using separate sections, where the location is designed before start of the measurement. Theirs positions are adjusted directly during the GPR acquisition depending on the field's conditions. Given the fact that during the georadar surveys signal dampens with depth increasing and clay minerals contribute to ...
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Ground Penetrating Radar GPR Surveys by Mapping Technique
GPR mapping is an advanced method of interpretation, where in addition to the classical interpretation GPR profiling, performs an interpolated summary of the many georadar sections. This is very important to determine their geometry to replicate as closely as possible the actual location for each profile in the field. For this purpose it can be used a precision GPS receiver. Usually parallel profiles or mesh of profiles (transverse and longitudinal) are ...
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Resistivity
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Resistivity Surveys
Geophysical surveys, which use geoelectrical methods base on the variation of electrical parameters of the soil. To understand the phenomena in ground-rock medium, in which electric current flows, it must be realized that such substrate resists while electric current flows through it. According to Ohm's Law, resistance R is directly proportional to applied voltage U and inversely proportional to current intensity I. Basic parameter which is calculated ...
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Resistivity Studies
Geophysical studies using resistivity method are based on the determination of electrical resistance changes of the ground. These changes are natural (geological) or anthropogenic, and have a resistance different from the surrounding ...
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Resistivity Surveys by Sounding Technique
Resistivity soundings is basic resistivity technique. This technique bases on the relegation of current electrodes from the potential electrodes in subsequent step to increase the depth of investigation. The point for which the measurement is made is in the middle between the potential ...
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Profiling Resistivity Surveys
Soil testing by electrical profiling method the same arrays as for sounding (Schlumberger's, Wenner's etc.) are used. Electrical profiling is a basic resistivity survey technique about moving the whole array along the profile with unchanged geometry. The assumption of electrical profiling is the constant depth of ...
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Resistivity Surveys by Tomography Technique
Electrical resistivity tomography ERT is also known as resistivity imaging. This method is combination of electrical sounding and profiling because surveys are done along the profile and with increasing depth of ...
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Electromagnetic
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Electromagnetic Studies
Electromagnetic surveys EM (Electromagnetic Methods) in the form of dipole induction profiling rely on the research the electrical conductivity of the medium. The principle is based on the induction of the primary electromagnetic field by transmitter. It generates a secondary electromagnetic field in the analyzed medium, which is proportional to its conductivity. Even the smallest differences are recorded according to the change in lithology, groundwater ...
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Gravimetric
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Geophysical Gravimetric Studies
Geophysical gravimetric method is based on variation of the gravitational field of the Earth, depending on its structure. Any non-uniformity in the density distribution generates its own gravitational field. This distribution depends also on the size, shape and depth of the occurrence of the heterogeneity. These are geological structures and forms of anthropogenic as faults, fracture zones and loosened, emptiness, elution. In the areas of occurrence of ...