Voltammetric determination of many heavy metals is also possible in municipal or industrial wastewater. On account of the usually high organic load the sample is usually mineralized by means of UV digestion.
Pharmaceutical analysis guarantees drug safety by providing information on the identity, content, quality, purity, and stability of pharmaceutical products using analytical chemistry. Metrohm offers you a broad range of instruments and applications for quality control and for monitoring and improving drug manufacturing. With myriads of pharmacopeia-compliant analysis methods, we are your qualified partner for all chemical-pharmaceutical analysis issues and analytical method validations. In accordance with...
Bromate forms during the ozonization of drinking water. Several international standards stipulate detection limits and test methods. Conductivity detection with chemical suppression allows the determination of bromate in the lower μg/L range. In the ng/L range, bromate can be detected by IC/MS coupling or post-column derivatization with potassium iodide and subsequent UV detection.
Determination of the pH value provides information about the acid or base action of the soil solution. This in turn is enormously important for the nutrient supply and microbial activity of the soil. For example, many metals (trace elements) are considerably more mobile in acidic soils. If the soil pH values are very low, toxic levels can soon be reached and these can damage the roots of plants. On the other hand, excessively high pH values quickly lead to a shortage of trace elements because of immobilization.<...
The RoHS directive stipulates maximum limits for various hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. Meeting the RoHS Directive requires reliable equipment and methods. As a leading manufacturer of precision instruments for chemical analysis, we are aware of these challenges. For this reason, Metrohm offers you not only the most advanced equipment, but rather complete solutions for the particular tasks at hand.
To estimate the effects of aerosols on health and climate, it is essential to know their chemical composition. Sampling is done using two different types of aerosol collector. The first type are filter collectors that are based on the deposition of suspended particles on surfaces; the second type are powerful aerosol collectors.
Growing populations – about 80 million every year – and industrializing countries create huge needs for electrical energy. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) the global energy demand will increase by about 65% by 2035. A major fraction of the required energy will continue to be provided by thermal – mainly fossil fuel-fired and nuclear – power plants. "Renewable" energy sources such as photovoltaics (PV) will be another backbone of our energy supply. Putting renewable...
The environmental challenges require internationally accepted standards, in which limits and test methods are defined. Metrohm instruments and applications comply with a lot of international environmental standards. Substances introduced into the environment are distributed among the environmental compartments water, soil (sediment), and air, as well as among the organisms living in them (biosphere). Only if we know the type and quantity of these contaminants can we protect the environment and its inhabitants.
Crude oil is a highly complex mixture of hydrocarbons. Through desalting, distillation, and conversion, it is transformed into fractions of higher-quality hydrocarbons such as paraffins, aromatics, naphthenes, and olefins. Different ratios of these so-called PIANO compounds are blended to yield different fuel and lubricant types. Increasingly, fossil fuels are blended with biofuels. Both blending and refining processes are demanding and require precise and reliable analysis. Regardless whether you deal with...
Today’s food and beverages (F&B) are much more than just simple "organic fuels" needed for survival. Beyond their nutritive value, they are consumed for their taste or flavor. Increasingly, they are also a source for maintaining health and enhancing our well-being via high-quality nutrition. At the same time, with an ever-increasing number of processed foods, food quality and safety aspects are becoming more important. All the more because foods are highly complex materials – prone to degradation...
The coating and finishing of surfaces using electroplating techniques is a highly sophisticated process. Be it the finishing of metal parts or the coating of printed circuit boards, the quality required in the intermediate and end products is only achieved if the composition of the process baths is right. At the same time, rising costs of raw materials and energy make it absolutely essential to drive production as efficiently as possible. As a leading manufacturer of instruments for chemical analysis we know...
Synthetic polymers and plastics are a mainstay of modern life. Because of their versatility and physical properties, plastics and polymers have conquered nearly every aspect of human activity: airplanes and cars, packaging of all kinds, medical devices and products, electronics, and countless more – without high-quality and high-tech plastics most products we use today in everyday life would look very different. Polymer production is a demanding process in which high-purity raw materials undergo complex...
Converting raw materials into more than 70 000 different products that are used in almost all industries, the chemical industry lies at the core of the global economy and, perhaps, modern civilization. There is hardly any industrially produced good that would exist without the chemical industry, all the more considering that it was not until the 19th century that chemistry, particularly organic chemistry, exploded with Wöhler’s urea synthesis. Within just a few decades, numerous important industrial...
Maximum reliability of materials and equipment. Dependable performance of sophisticated technology under extreme conditions. Effective defense against immediate threats. These requirements demand precise analytics.